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Dog Behavior and Biology > Brain and Behavior > Flashcards

Brain and Behavior Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Nervous System (CNS,PNS) composed of?

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
  3. Periphery
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2
Q

Brain

A
  • coordination of info. and decision making

- development, trauma, altered chemistry, and altered pathways

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3
Q

Spinal Cord

A

-convayence of info

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4
Q

Periphery

A

-sensation and perception

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5
Q

Brainstem

A

-arousal, frustration, pleasure

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6
Q

Thalamus

A
  • coordinates sensory input

- all senses except for smell (olfactory on its own)

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7
Q

Olfactory Bulb

A

-directly

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8
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • links brain to endocrine system

- many inputs from brainstem

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9
Q

Hippocampus

A

-regulates amygdala

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10
Q

Amygdala

A
  • emotional/fear center of the brain
  • fear memories are 3 F’s (flight, fight, freeze)
  • sympathetic
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11
Q

Cingulate

A
  • play/maternal behavior

- only seen in mammals

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12
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A
  • higher learning
  • info stored like cues they know, routines, and voluntary problem solving
  • parasympathetic
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13
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • rest and digest

- low HR, BP, etc

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14
Q

Sympathetic

A
  • flight and fight
  • high HR, BP, respiration rate
  • blood diverts away from GI tract
  • release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla
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15
Q

What happens in 1/2 second of stress?

A

-adrenal medulla->epinephrine->cortisol

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16
Q

What happens in 5 seconds of fight or flight?

A
  • hyperalertness
  • more blood flow thru skeletal muscles
  • pain responses inhibited
17
Q

What happens after stressor subsides?

A

-cortisol is still produced for some time

18
Q

Cortisol (Steroid Hormone)

A
  • short term: helps cope w/ stress, injury and defense
  • long term: muscle wasting, impaired immunity and fertility
  • can be measured thru saliva and feces
19
Q

What can cause increased reactivity?

A
  • heredity
  • maternal influences
  • lack of socialization/early handling
  • early weaning
  • neurochemical imbalances
  • hormonal issues
  • medical issue causing pain
  • drug interactions
  • trauma
  • punishment based training
20
Q

Threshold for Reactivity

A
  • dog is not listening or eating during threshold
  • cerebral cortex in charge before threshold, and then amygdala afterwards
  • after threshold leads to aggression, freezing and panic
21
Q

How do we change reactive behavior?

A
  • work sub-thershold
  • change how they feel about stimulus
  • can’t use reinforcement and punishment
  • use classical
22
Q

BAS: Behavioral Activation System

A
  • reward gaining and avoidance of punishment=increase in behavior
  • overactive: unable to control maladaptive impulses
  • always in “trouble”
  • sympathetic dominance
23
Q

BIS: Behavioral Inhibition System

A
  • recognition of signals anticipating punishment or non-reward=inhibits behavior
  • inhibit after punishment event, don’t make same mistake twice
  • parasympathetic dominance
24
Q

Dopamine (Neurotranmitter)

A
  • associated w/ disorders like schitzophrenia (too much dopamine or receptors) and parkinson’s
  • reward experiences from positive or negative reinforcement depends on dopamine
25
Q

Serotonin (Neurotransmitter)

A
  • important in sleep cycles
  • implicated in stress, depression, and aggression
  • receptors in amygdala; aid in inhibiting aggression
  • anit-depressant drugs
26
Q

Quiet Attack

A
  • predatory behavior
  • no agitation, silent
  • pleasurable experience, animals self stimulate
  • feels like reward
27
Q

Affective Aggression

A
  • offensive and defensive displays
  • acts on anything in reach
  • closely associated w/ pain and fear
  • escape was 1st choice but once pain in involved the animal attacks
28
Q

Norepinephrine (Neurotransmitter)

A
  • increased levels in hypothalamus and amygdala decrease aggression
  • depletion of NE makes animal exhibit rage
  • breed specific differences in amount of NE
29
Q

Dominance Aggression

A
  • theory suggests it is actually proactive avoidance of perceived aversive outcomes
  • “dominant” dogs learn defense coping mechanism to control aversive outcomes
30
Q

Submission

A
  • dogs are more likely to react non-aggressively to perceived threat
  • this is not b/c of lower status, but because primary mode is avoidance

Dog Behavior and Biology (6 decks)

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