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Fundamentals of Nursing > Sensory Perception > Flashcards

Sensory Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Humans have five basic senses

A

sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch

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2
Q

What is a sensory deficit?

A

A deficit in the expected function of one or more of the five senses

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3
Q

What is an example of sensory deprivation?

A

Blindness. which causes an absence of visual sensory stimulation

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4
Q

What is sensory overload?

A

Receiving stimuli at a rate and intensity beyond the brain’s ability to process the stimuli in a meaningful way.

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5
Q

What is sensory deprivation?

A

A reduction in or absence of stimuli to one or more of the five senses.

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6
Q

What is sensory processing disorder?

A

When a client appropriately detects sensory stimuli, but their brain has difficulty interpreting and responding appropriately to the stimuli.

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7
Q

Olfactory nerve?

A

I.

Sensory to nose for smell

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8
Q

Optic nerve?

A

II

Sensory to eye for vision

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9
Q

Oculomotor nerve?

A

III
Motor to eye

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10
Q

Trochlear nerve?

A

IV
Motor to eye

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11
Q

Trigeminal nerve?

A

V

Sensory to face

Motor to muscles of jaw

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12
Q

Abducens nerve?

A

VI
Motor to eye

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13
Q

Facial nerve?

A

VII

Sensory to tongue for taste

Motor to face for expression

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14
Q

Vestibulocochlear (Auditory) nerve

A

VIII

Sensory to ear for hearing and balance

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15
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

IX

Sensory to tongue for taste

Motor to pharynx (throat)

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16
Q

Vagus nerve

A

X

Sensory to pharynx

Motor to vocal cords

Parasympathetic innervation to heart lungs, abdominal organs

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17
Q

Accessory nerve

A

XI

Motor to muscles of neck

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18
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

XII

Motor to tongue

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19
Q

What is myopia?

A

Inability to see faraway objects clearly, also referred to as nearsightedness.

20
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

Inability to see nearby objects clearly, also referred to as farsightedness.

21
Q

What is astigmatism?

A

A defect in the eye making objects nearby and faraway look blurry or distorted.

22
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Age-related farsightedness, or a gradual decrease in the ability to clearly see nearby caused by the loss of flexibility of the lens of the eye.

23
Q

What is a cataract?

A

A clouding of the lens of the eye that causes vision to be blurry, hazy, or less colorful.

24
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A

Affects blood vessels in the retina causing blindness.

25
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

An increase in intraocular pressure due to the buildup of fluid, or aqueous humor, that causes compression of the optic nerve.

26
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Hearing sound when no external sound is present, such as ringing, buzzing, roaring, clicking, hissing, or humming noises.

27
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Hearing loss that occurs from problems either in the inner ear or on the vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve (cranial nerve VIII).

28
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Age-related hearing loss.

29
Q

What is ototoxicity?

A

Causing damage to or dysfunction of the cochlea or vestibule.

30
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

An irreversible degeneration of the macula that leads to a loss of central vision as clients age.

31
Q

What is conductive hearing loss?

A

The inability of sound to travel from the outer ear to the eardrum and middle ear.

32
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Inflammation in or the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear that can result in conductive hearing loss.

33
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

An abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear.

34
Q

What is communication?

A

Dynamic interactions between people and their environment using a process that involves cerebration (thinking), cognition, hearing, speech production, and motor coordination.

35
Q

What is cerebration?

A

The act of thinking, or using one’s mind.

36
Q

What is aphasia?

A

A disorder that affects a client s ability to articulate and understand speech and written language due to damage in the brain.

37
Q

SNHL occurs from problems in the inner ear or the …

A

Vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve (cranial nerve VIII).

38
Q

What can ototoxicity cause?

A

SNHL, tinnitus, dizziness, or impaired balance.

39
Q

What are common causes of conductive hearing loss?

A

Ear trauma, inflammation, cerumen impaction, perforated eardrum, blockage by a foreign body.

40
Q

Aphasia can be caused by

A

Brain injury, degenerative neurological disorders, dementia, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

41
Q

What is expressive aphasia?

A

Also known as Broca’s or non fluent aphasia. Caused by damage to the frontal lobe of the brain. A client who has Brocas aphasia may understand speech but be unable to speak the words they want to say.

42
Q

What is comprehensive aphasia?

A

Also called wernickes or fluent aphasia, caused by damage to the temporal lobe of the brain. A client who has wernickes aphasia speaks in long sentences that have no meaning and often include unnecessary and made-up words.

43
Q

What is global aphasia?

A

Severe impairments in communication caused by significant damage to various language areas of the brain. Clients who have this type of aphasia have poor comprehension of language and may be unable to form words or sentences.

44
Q

What is tactile hypersensitivity?

A

Being overly sensitive to tactile stimulation.

45
Q

What is tactile defensiveness?

A

A severe sensitivity to touch that most people would find acceptable that often causes physical pain such as a hug or wearing clothing.

46
Q

What is tactile hyposensitivity?

A

Under-responsiveness to tactile stimulation which may have the client to not be able to feel extremes in temperature or have a limited ability to feel pain from broken bones or lacerations.

47
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

Conditions that occur when nerves in the central nervous system become damaged resulting in numbness, pain, and weakness to the extremities.

Fundamentals of Nursing (7 decks)

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