Sensory Mechanisms

Question 1

A thermosensory neuron in the skin converts heat energy to nerve impulses via a conversion called _____

Answer 1

sensory transduction

Question 2

Sensory adaptation is apparent when _____

Answer 2

person is no longer aware of a heavy necklace that was put on earlier in the day

Question 3

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the

Answer 3

tympanic membrane

Question 4

The cochlea is an organ of auditory transduction that contains

Answer 4

fluid and cells that can undergo mechanosensory transduction

Question 5

The sand grains or other dense materials resting on mechanoreceptors used by most invertebrates to sense gravity are called

Answer 5

statoliths

Question 6

Sensory transduction of light/dark information in the vertebrate retina is accomplished by

Answer 6

rods and cones

Question 7

In the human retina

Answer 7

cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot

Question 8

Most of the chemosensory neurons arising in the nasal cavity have axonal projections that terminate in the

Answer 8

olfactory bulb

Question 9

The ratio of expressed receptor types to taste cells is

Answer 9

1:1

Question 10

Sensory Receptors

Answer 10

• sensation starts as a stimulus (ex pressure or temperature)
• energy from the stimulus changes membrane potential and starts an action potential
• sensory information is sent to the CNS to determine if a response is necessary

Question 11

Four Basic Functions of a Sensory Pathway

Answer 11

1. Sensory Reception (specialized)
2. Transduction (changes signal to electric)
3. Transmission (sends signal to brain)
4. Perception

Question 12

Two Ways our NS Distinguishes Intensity

Answer 12

1. Rapid succession
2. Multiple Receptors Activated
   - all-or-nothing response

Question 13

Five Types of Sensory Receptors

Answer 13

1. Mechanoreceptors (touch, sound, pressure)
2. Chemoreceptors (chemical, taste)
3. Electromagnetic (radiation, light)
4. Thermoreceptors (temperature)
5. Pain (possible threat, extreme versions of the other four receptors)

Question 14

Hearing

Answer 14

1. Sound is collected by pinna, funnel on outside of ear
2. travels through auditory canal to tympanum
3. Tympanum vibrates that causes the ossicles to move
4. increased pressure of the ossicles causes the fluid in the cochlea to move
5. enters through oval window, moves water of the vestibular canal to tympanic canal to round window

Question 15

Sense of balance, acceleration, and angular movements

Answer 15

semicircular canals (three different) ->cupola (has hairs)->opens sodium channels

Question 16

Vision

Answer 16

photoreceptors, travels as a photon

Question 17

pupil

Answer 17

controls amount of light to retina

Question 18

iris

Answer 18

controls size of pupil

Question 19

lens

Answer 19

changes focal distance of eye

Question 20

retina

Answer 20

receives light from lens

Question 21

rods

Answer 21

light intensity

Question 22

cones

Answer 22

color

Question 23

retinal

Answer 23

different pigments