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BDS3 Special Care Dentistry > Sensory impairment > Flashcards

Sensory impairment Flashcards

1
Q

What is sensory impairment?

A
  • When one or more of a persons sense no longer normal
  • Does not have to have full loss of sense to be sensory impaired
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2
Q

What are the key care needs the NHS implement for sensory impairment?

A
  • Communication
  • Accessing services
  • Mobility
  • Accessibility and isolation
  • Rehabilitation
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3
Q

What is the current terminology for visual impairments?

A
  • Sight impaired
  • Severely sight impaired
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4
Q

What are the causes of visual impairment in the UK?

A
  • Uncorrected refracted error
  • AMD
  • Cataract
  • Glaucoma
  • Diabetic retinopathy
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5
Q

What are some symptoms of visual impairment?

A
  • Severe sudden eye pain
  • Hazy, blurred, double vision
  • Seeing flashes of light or sudden bright floating spots
  • Seeing floating spider webs
  • Swollen red eyes
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6
Q

What is a cataract?

A
  • Clouding of the lens of the eye which prevents clear vision
  • Related to ageing process although some children can be born with it
  • Leading cause of blindness
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7
Q

What is AMD?

A
  • Age-related macular degeneration
  • Involves loss of persons central field of vision
  • Macular retina develops degenerative lesions and cells of the macula become damages and scarred
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8
Q

What are the two types of macular degeneration?

A
  • Wet
  • Dry
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9
Q

What is Wet macualr degeneration?

A
  • Causes severe sight loss in matter of months
  • Growth of new vessels under retina which break and leak into macula casuing scarring
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10
Q

What is dry macular degeneration?

A
  • Bilateral condition
  • 90% of cases
  • Gradual loss of central vision
  • Layers of macula become progressively thinner, functions less efficiently
  • Can’t recognise people as can’t see faces clearly
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11
Q

What is a glaucoma?

A
  • Characteristic optic neuropathy determined by both structural change and functional deficit
  • Caused by rise in intraocular pressure
  • Bilateral condition and sight will never recover
  • Can be treated if diagnosed early
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12
Q

What are the two most common forms of glaucoma?

A
  • Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)
  • Angle closure glaucoma (ACG)
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13
Q

What is POAG?

A
  • Slow and insidious onset
  • Anterior chamber angle open
  • Caused by drainage channels in eye getting clogged over time
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14
Q

What is ACG?

A
  • Less common and more acute
  • Caused by drainage in eye become suddenly blocked
  • Rise of pressure inside eye quickly
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15
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • Vascular occlusion and dilations in eye with people with diabetes mellitus occur
  • Progresses into prolifertaive retinopathy with growth of new blood vessels
  • Macular oedema decreases visual activty
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16
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • Occurs in retina of people with diabetes mellitus
  • Vascular occlusion and dilations occur
  • Lead to proliferative retinopathy and growth of new blood vessels
  • Lead to macular oedema and decrease in visual activity
17
Q

What are the causes of diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • Retina is needed to convert light into electrical signals that are sent to brain through optic nerve to produce images that you see
  • High blood sugar levels can cause blood vessels supplying retina to become blocked or leak
  • Leads to background retinopathy
  • Lead to pre-proliferative retinopathy
  • Finally lead to proliferative retinopathy
18
Q

What is background retinopathy?

A
  • Tiny bulges develop in BV and may bleed slightly
  • Doesn’t really affect vision
19
Q

What is pre-proliferative retinopathy?

A
  • More sever and widespread changes affect BV
  • Sig bleeding into eye
20
Q

What is proliferative retinopathy?

A
  • Scar tissue and new blood vessels
  • BV are Weak and bleed easily
  • Develop on retina
  • Result in some loss of vision
21
Q

What are some risk factors for diabetic retinopathy?

A
  • Duration of diabetes
  • Level of glycemia
  • Presence of high blood pressure
  • Dependence on insulin
  • Pregnancy
  • Nutritional
22
Q

What is hemianopia?

A
  • Blindness in one half of visual field
  • Can be caused by variety of medical conditions like stroke
  • Sight loss can be upper, lower, left or rigth
23
Q

What is the prevention for visual impairment?

A
  • Regular eye exams
  • Protect eyes from sun
  • Protective eye wear at work
  • Know family history
  • Seek treatment quickly
  • Stop smoking
  • Eating healthy and managing obesity
24
Q

What are some difficulties visually impaired people experience?

A
  • Not being able to access printed material
  • Difficulty in accessing internet or electronical devices
  • Difficulty getting to destinations
  • Lack of awareness of others as to how to help
  • Accessing unfamiliar buildings
25
Q

How can we maximise communication for people with visual impairment?

A
  • Identify yourself always
  • Use names to identify people esp in group settings
  • Keep visually impaired person informed of people leaving or entering room
  • Tell them what youre doing before you do it
  • Provide info in other formats like email, extra large print, braille, allow extra time
  • Prepare surgery approprately
26
Q

What is a hearing impairment?

A
  • Someone who is not able to hear as well as someone with normal hearing
  • Hearing threshold of 25 dB or better in both ears is normal
27
Q

What are some functional impacts of hearing impairment?

A
  • Ability to communicate with others
  • Spoken language development delayed in children
  • Adverse effect on academic performance
  • Access to suitable accommodations important but not always available
28
Q

What are some social and emotional impact of hearing impaiment?

A
  • Loneliness
  • Isolation
  • Frustation
29
Q

What are some congenital causes of hearing loss?

A
  • Maternal rubella
  • Low birth weight
  • Birth asphyxia
30
Q

What are some acquired causes of hearing loss?

A
  • Meningitis, measles and mumps
  • Chronic ear infection
  • Otitis media
  • Injury to head or ear
  • Recreational exposure to loud sounds
31
Q

What are some signs of hearing impairment?

A
  • Inactivity
  • Reduced development of speech and language skills
  • Deterioration of speech
  • Irritability
  • Austistc like behaviour
32
Q

How can we maximise communication for the hearing loss?

A
  • Ask if want to use loop system
  • Establish persons preferred communication method
  • Face person and don’t away
  • Repeat, rephrase
  • Finger spelling
  • Write things down
  • Reduce background noise
  • Allow extra time
  • Hearing aids switched on and functioning

BDS3 Special Care Dentistry (16 decks)

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