Haematology Flashcards
What are the important platelet count numbers?
- 100 to take out tooth in GDP
- 50 in hospital
What is the normal INR?
- 1
What does high MCH mean?
- Macocytic anaemia ( not enough B12/folic acid)
What does low urea suggest?
- Sign of liver damage (alcohol abuse)
What is Atrial fibrillation?
- Electrical impulses in atria of heart fire irregularly when they should be steady and regular
- Causes them to quiver or twitch (fibrillation)
- Can create blood clots in hearts that may lead to stroke
Symptoms of atrial fibrillation?
- Irregular and sometimes fast heartbeat or pulse
- AKA palpitations
What is Diabetes?
- Chronic disease that occures when pancreas no longer able to make insulin or body can’t efficiently use the insulin it does produce
- Type 1 , Type 2 and Gestational
What are the risks of Diabetes?
- Risk of hypoglycaemic episode
- Increase prevalence, progression and severity of periodontal disease
- Xerostomia
- Oral dysethesia
- Impaired wound healing
- Parotid gland enlargement
What is hypertension?
- High blood pressure
- Arteries lose elasticity and become stiff and narrow
- Increases risk of atheroma build up
- This can lead to heart attack or stroke depending on where the arteries lead to
What are some causes of hypertension?
- Too much alcohol
- Smoking
- Being overweight
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Too much salt
- Contraceptive pills
What is the INR?
- Prothrombin time of pt and dividing it by reference PT plasm value
Haemophilia A is a deficiency in what factor?
- VIII
Apixaban inhibits what factor?
- Factor Xa
When assessing bleeding risk is extraction of a single tooth a high risk procedure?
- No
A person with moderate Haemophilia has what percentage of normal factor in their blood?
- 1-5%
Von Willebrands Type 2 is normally mamaged with which product to manage bleeding?
- Factor VIII concentrate
What does Prothrombin time measure?
- Factors VII, X, V, Prothrombin and Fibrinogen
What does activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) measure?
- Factors VIII, IX, XI, XII and factors X, V, prothrombin and fibrinogen
The APTT would be deranged in what pt?
- Haemophillia
The prothrombin time would be deranged in what pt?
- Liver disease
- Warfarin therapy
What is Haemophilia B a deficiency in?
- Factor IX
How does a haemophilia diagnosis affect txt?
- Dental XLA, surgical procedures, subgingival scaling or anaesthesia requiring IANB then need to be seen at dental clinic ass with haemophilia centre
- Increased risk of bleeding
- May need medical prophylaxis and appropriate monitoring
What do we want to reduce the number of times a pt is exposed to these things?
- Risk of blood borne virus if plasma derived factor used
- Risk of local site infection
- Risk of inhibitors/antibodies developing
- Cpst
What are pt with mild haemophilia or Von Willebrands disease given for dental procedures of increased bleeding risk?
- DDAVP (desmopressin)
- Tranexamic (antifibrolytic agent)
What are pt with moderate and severe haemophilia given for dental procedure of increased bleeding risk?
- Factor replacement
- Tranexamic acid
What are some common bleeding disorders?
- Haemophilia A/B
- Von Willebrands
