sensory central pathway

Question 1

1. What is needed for all aspects of vision?

Answer 1

a. Primary Visual Cortex V1

b. Secondary Visual Cortex V2

Question 2

2. Not only photoreceptors are photo sensitive, but there are also certain retinal ganglion cells that respond to light, using melanopsin as the photosensitive pigment. Where does the signal of these cells go to and what purpose does it have? The signal goes to:

Answer 2

c. Hypothalamus and pretectum to train circadian rhythm and trigger pupil and lens reflexes

Question 3

3. Which information is used for color perception?

Answer 3

b. Comparison of the activity level of the three distinct types of cones

Question 4

which part of the brainstem is essential for detecting our orientation and movement in space?

Answer 4

b. Vestibular nuclei

Question 5

5. Which part of the brain is critical for language comprehension and is found in the left temporal lobe?

Answer 5

c. Wernicke’s Area

Question 6

6. The area V4 is part of the ventral pathway of vision. Damage to this area can cause Achromatopsia. What is the consequence?

Answer 6

c. Someone cannot perceive the color of an object

Question 7

7. The primary and secondary visual cortex are used in all aspect of vision and combines the input from both eyes for stereopsis.

Answer 7

a. True

Question 8

8. Which of these is a sensation that is NOT processed by the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 8

d. Painful cramps of your intestines

Question 9

9. Which sensory system processes taste?

Answer 9

B. Gustatory

Question 10

10. The Foveola which is the area of highest acuity of our retina, contains a high density of _

Answer 10

B. Only cones

Question 11

11. The Superior Olive, which is located within the brainstem, is known for being responsible for:

Answer 11

C. The detection of direction of sound

Question 12

12. Motion, spatial location of objects in a visual scene, and 3D vision are all functions of the _______ Pathway in visual perception

Answer 12

C. Dorsal

Question 13

13. Which phenomenon involves the continuous excitation and inhibition of surround/center photoreceptors to mediate the perception of relative light intensity?

Answer 13

A. Lateral Inhibition

Question 14

14. The ascending pathway of the vestibular system toward the cortex is responsible for which processes?

Answer 14

C. Perception of Orientation and movement in space

Question 15

15. Wernicke’s Area, located in the left temporal lobe, is responsible for:

Answer 15

D. Comprehending speech patterns

Question 16

16. Before visual information is passed to the visual cortices, it first passes from the optic chiasm to the:

Answer 16

B. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus

Question 17

17. This structure, located in the midbrain, is involved in the spatial location of sound (creating a “space map of sound”).

Answer 17

A. Inferior Colliculus

Question 18

18. Which area is responsible for the processing of complex sounds so that then other areas within the temporal lobe can use the information for further processing of the meaning of the sounds?

Answer 18

C. Secondary auditory complex

Question 19

19. What structure in the midbrain is involved in the processing of patterns such as frequency and duration of sound, and making an “auditory space map”?

Answer 19

C. Inferior Colliculus

Question 20

20. What acts as a relay station for sound information on its way to the cortex?

Answer 20

A. Thalamus

Question 21

21. The ventral pathway processes what kinds of visual information that the receiving cortex desperately needs to do its thing?

Answer 21

B. High resolution vision, forms, colors

Question 22

22. Tom can easily pick up a spoon, but he can’t identify that what he is picking up is in fact a spoon. What part of his brain might be damaged to cause this?

Answer 22

a. Temporal lobe

Question 23

23. Where in the brain do the optic nerves cross to opposite hemispheres, so that as a result the left portion of the visual field of both eyes is processed by the right hemisphere and the right visual field of both eyes is processed by the left hemisphere.

Answer 23

a. Optic chiasm

Question 24

24. Which part of the eye has the highest concentration of cones?

Answer 24

c. The Foveola

Question 25

25. Jerry has a condition where he only has one type of cone in his eye, the one that reacts to ‘red’ (long) wavelengths. His rods are unaffected. What color(s) does he see the world in?

Answer 25

c. Shades of Grey (because there is only one cone left, so no color vision is possible)

Question 26

26. The disorder that results in the inability to perceive movements of objects is __________

Answer 26

a. Cerebral Akinetopsia (in physics, kinetic is the energy of motion)

Question 27

27. Visual Acuity is highest at a certain spot of the retina which as which types of photoreceptor cells?

Answer 27

d. Cones ( C like in high aCuity Color vision at the aCuity Center of the retina, called Foveola like in extremely well Focused, …. may look silly, but might help…)

Question 28

28. What structure is carrying out the first level for auditory processing?

Answer 28

c. Cochlea

Question 29

29. If Omar is trying to have a conversation, but is having trouble with language comprehension (Omar seems to have huge trouble understanding what you are saying and what Omar is saying doesn’t make any sense at all), what area of the brain is most likely damaged?

Answer 29

b. Wernicke’s Area

Question 30

30. The foveola is densely packed with ______.

Answer 30

a. Cones

Question 31

32. Where’s the first place where scent information goes through to be processed on its way from the sensory receptors to the brain?

Answer 31

b. Olfactory bulb.

Question 32

31. If the hippocampus is damaged, these are some disorders that you might have:

Answer 32

a. Alzheimer’s disease.
b. Anterograde Amnesia.
c. Retrograde Amnesia.

Question 33

33. What are the colors the three cones are most sensitive to?

Answer 33

b. Blue, green, red (actually it is yellow-orange, its name is slightly misleading)

Question 34

34. In what part of the cortex of the brain is vision initially mostly processed?

Answer 34

a. Occipital cortex.