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ANAT 3241 MT 1 > Sensory > Flashcards

Sensory Flashcards

1
Q

simple receptors are

A

nerve endings in tissues

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2
Q

simple receptors can be of two types

A

unencapsulated, encapsulated

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3
Q

unencapsulated receptors are

A

free nerve endings

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4
Q

encapsulated receptors are

A

tissue associated nerve endings

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5
Q

special senses are senses that

A

have a complex apparattus that support receptor cells

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6
Q

the special senses are (4)

A

olfactory, taste, labyrinth, (equilibrium/balance,/hearing), eyes

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7
Q

exteroreceptors tell you

A

what goes on outside the body.

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8
Q

what type of receptors are exteroreceptors

A

simple unencapsulated

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9
Q

encapsulated receptor types

A

pacinian corpuscles, meissners corpuscles

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10
Q

typed of unencapsulated receptors

A

mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors

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11
Q

the most sensitve type of receptors are

A

free nerve endings

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12
Q

free nerve endings end in the

A

epidermis

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13
Q

type of receptors that wrap hair follicles

A

unencapsulated

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14
Q

unencapsulated receptors are located in the

A

skin, joints, viscera, oral cavity

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15
Q

area of the body with the most thermoreceptors

A

oral cavity

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16
Q

nociceptor threshold is

A

high

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17
Q

thermoreceptor threshold is

A

x

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18
Q

multimodal receptors

A

respond to all types; unencapsulated; chemo, thermo, noci

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19
Q

mechanoreceptor modality

A

stretch, displacement, pressure

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20
Q

thermoreceptor modality

A

hot > body p; cold < body temp

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21
Q

nociceptors modality

A

stronger stimuli required; can also be mixed modality;

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22
Q

meissners corpuscles innervate what tissue layer

A

dermal papillae in DERMIS; close to epidermis;

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23
Q

pacinian corpuscles innervate what tissues

A

deep dermis / hypodermis, viscera, joint capsules

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24
Q

sensory receptors tht wrap hair are also called

A

“associated” sensory receptors

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25
Q

encapsulated sensory receptors innervate what layer

A

dermis

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26
Q

pacinian corpuscles also called

A

lamellated

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27
Q

meissners corpuscles also called

28
Q

lamellated corpuscles sense what

A

firm pressure; high freq vibration, tension, streth, NOT features; high threshold

29
Q

lamellated corpuscles appearance

A

surrounded by schwann cells, large and white, squishy

30
Q

tactile corpuscles respond to

A

low threshold; light pressure and vibration, ; light/discriminating touch,

31
Q

tactile corpuscle appearance

A

branched to each receptor with single axon; multiple jumbled nuclei

32
Q

two types of chemoreceptors

A

direct, distance

33
Q

distance chemoreceptors

34
Q

direct chemoreceptors

35
Q

describe olfactory receptors

A

neurons with chemoreceptors on the dendrites in an aqueous layer

36
Q

only chemicals that _ can be sesed by olfactory neurons

A

can be dissolved in aqueous layer

37
Q

the aqueous layer is replaced rapidly so that

A

chemical stimuli is removed

38
Q

describe the supporting epithelium of olfactory receptors

A

specialized respiratory; pseudostratified; NO goblet cells, NO cilia,

39
Q

aqueous layer secreted by

A

glands in the lamina proprya

40
Q

supporting olfactory tissues describe

A

columnar, assoc with basement membrane that replaces neurons

41
Q

most olfactory epithelium is on what bone

A

nasal concha

42
Q

difference between sharks/fish and terrestrial in olfaction

A

sharks do not have to generate fluids to wash away chemicals; thus are more sensitive to olfactory stimuli

43
Q

describe shark olfaction

A

water flows into one sac and out of the other; water flows through water channels containing lamellae, nerves lead to olfactory bulbs

44
Q

shark olfactory epithelium describe

A

like ours but arranged in layers; folded with water channels in between, containing lamellae. basal nuclei. nerves converge

45
Q

hammerhead have _ sense of smell

A

stereo sense

46
Q

primitive amphibian smell

A

have a nasal pit on the head; carris info from the mouth to nose.

47
Q

terrestrial reptiles sense of smell

A

nose into air passages into skull into throat; rapid sniffs between major breaths

48
Q

thing that most animals have but humans do not

A

vomeronasal organ

49
Q

describe mammalian olfaction

A

high surface area, olf epithelium goes to olf bulb. large nasal cavities and high air flow

50
Q

dog olfaction is x times more sensitive - why

A

100 thousand times; VNO, highly folded large surface area

51
Q

the VNO is made of

A

olfactory epithelium

52
Q

Taste receptors can pe found on

A

tongue, soft palate, oral cavity, epidermis

53
Q

the 5 types of gustatory cells in taste buds

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

54
Q

taste buds are flushed by

55
Q

saliva produced by

A

acini or salivary glands

56
Q

acini are made of

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

57
Q

three forms of acini

A

serous, mucoserous, mucous

58
Q

taste receptor cells are called

A

gustatory cells

59
Q

taste receptors are exposed to chemicals through

A

taste pores at peripheral end

60
Q

types of taste buds

A

fungiform papillae, foliate, circumvillate

61
Q

supporting cells in taste buds cqalled

A

sustentacular cells (supporting columnar epithelium)

62
Q

average life of a taste bud

63
Q

in fish, gustatory receptors are concentrated

A

anteriorly (towards head)

64
Q

in elasmobranchs, tastebuds found in

A

only mouth and pharynx

65
Q

olfactory epithelium is made up of x cells

A

pseudostratified squamous

66
Q

three main cell types in olfactory epithelium

A

supporting cells, basal cells, brush cells/gustatory

ANAT 3241 MT 1 (4 decks)

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