Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Third Module 251 > sensory > Flashcards

sensory Flashcards

1
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

receptors that detect pressure/vibration

ex: hair cells in the cochlear for hearing, equilibrium and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thermal receptors

A

temp variations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

photoreceptors

A

in the eye (rods and cones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chemoreceptors

A

taste buds after reception of stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

first step of sensation

A

Reception/activation of sensory receptors in the stimuli from nerve endings in the skin and inside the body.

The receptor converts the stimulius to nerve impulse and transmits the impulse to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is perception of stimuli?

A

Perception = to interpret the impulse from the receptors and give them meaning.

nerve impulses travel along the spinal cord and brain to specific locations in the brain.
The person becomes aware of the stimulius, recieves the information, adn interprets the sensation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is arousal mechanism?

A

Response to the sensation from the activation of the reticular activating system (RAS): mediates the endrocrine system, autonmic nervous system, consciousness, and alertness located in the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cataracts

A

A lens opacity (nontransparency) that impairs vision.
The proteins in the lens will deterioate and clump together to thicken and harden creating the opacity obstructing the light into the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cataracts - Risk factors

A
  • old age: common
  • trauma
  • UV light
  • Toxins
  • corticosteroids
  • severe myopia
  • Fam History
  • Diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cataracts - S/S

A
  • painless gradual loss of vision
  • complain of blurry/double vision
  • pupil appears white/gray: advanced
  • absent red reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cataracts Dx

A
  • physical examination
  • visual acuity test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cataract Treatment

A

Surgical removal of cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cataract - post surgery care

A
  • Eye drops: antibiotic, steroid, NSAIDs several times a day. maintain a strict regimen for those.
  • wear dark sunglasses when going outside.
  • Avoid activities IOP: bending at the waist, sneezing, coughing, blowing nose, do not lift >10lbs, aviod straining w/ bowel movements
  • Vision should return approx 4-6 weeks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glaucoma

A

an eye disorder that damages the optic nerve and causes an increase in IOP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

open angle glaucoma

A
  • more common.
  • caused by aquaeous humor overproduction/decrease in outflow.
  • Either of these causes gradual increase of intraolcular pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

closed angle glaucoma

A
  • less common
  • caused by forward displacement of the iris
  • the iris bulges forward and closes the angle completely between the iris and the cornea
  • causes aqueous humor outflow to be blocked completely!
  • results in rapid increase in IOP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glaucoma risk factors

A
  • aging
  • genetics
  • DM
  • HTN
  • eye trauma
  • infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S/S open angle glaucoma

A
  • loss of peripheral vision
  • ## mild aching in eyes/HA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

S/S closed angle glaucoma

A

Emergency!
- severe eye pain
- N/V
- halos around lights
- ocular erythema - eye redness
- blurred vision

20
Q

Glaucoma Dx

A
  • tonometry: measures pts IOP
  • normal IOP is 10-21mmhg
21
Q

Glaucoma treatment

A
  • Mannitol: osmotic diuretic which rapidly brings down IOP : closed angle glaucoma
  • eye drops: open angle glaucoma for decreasing aqueous humor production or improving aqueous humor outflow.
22
Q

macular degeneration

A

deterioration of the macula - part of the retina at the back of the eye
-results in central loss of vision

23
Q

dry macular degeneration

A

more common
- tiny clumps of protein called drusen, that grow under the macula and cause that macular to become thinner adn dry out.
- slow onset

24
Q

wet macular degeneration

A
  • abnormal blood vessels that grow under the retina and leak blood/fluid into the macula causing scarring.
  • less common
  • faster onset
25
Q

Dry macular degeneration TX

A
  • No cure
26
Q

Wet Macular Degeneration TX

A
  • photodynamic therapy/ laser to seal off the blood vessels that are leaking
27
Q

Macular degeneration teaching

A
  • smoking cessation
  • wear gunglasses
  • follow up care with their eye PCP
  • make home modifications: safety
    loss of central vision
28
Q

Macular degeneration assessment

A

decline in central vision
blurred vision + distortion

29
Q

retinal detatchment

A

separation from the retina from the underlying epitheium

patho:
virteous humor that builds up behind the retina and pushes the retina away from the back of the eye and causes it to detatch

30
Q

Retinal detachment: risk factors

A
  • aging
  • injury
  • family history
  • previous intraocular surgery
  • ocular tumors
31
Q

Retinal detachment S/S

A
  • may complain of floaters
  • flashing lights
  • ## a curtain being drawn over their visual field
32
Q

Retinal detachment TX

A
  • emergency surgery to repair detatched retina
33
Q

retinal detatchment surgery teaching

A
  • restict head movement before surgery
  • avoid activites that increase IOP
  • report pain/nausea
34
Q

Meriere’s disease

A
  • inner ear disorder that causes issues with hearing and balance.
  • exact cause is unknown.
  • results in accumulation of endolymphatic fluid in the inner ear
35
Q

Meriere’s disease S/S

A
  • tinnitis = ringing in the ears
  • unilateral sensoneural hearing loss
  • vertigo = spinning sensation
  • vomiting/balance issues
36
Q

Meriere’s disease risk factors

A
  • genetics
  • infection
  • otoxic medicatons (lasix)
37
Q

Meriere’s diseaseTX

A
  • No Cure. Provide supportive care.
  • medications:
    antihistamines
    diuretics
    antiemetics

-procedures:
labrynthectomy - will result in complete hearing loss on affected side.

38
Q

Meriere’s disease Pt teaching

A
  • advise pt to avoid caffiene, smoking and alcohol
  • restrict salt intake
  • distribute their fluid intake evenly throughout the day
39
Q

Sensory overload S/S

A
  • increased HR, BP, and breathing
  • anxiety
    -fear
    -restlessness
  • irritibility
  • covering eyes + ears
  • tantrums in children
40
Q

Sensory Deprivation S/S

A
  • confusion
  • drowsiness
  • depression
  • irritiabiltiy
  • hallucinations
  • illusion
  • delusions
41
Q

damage to the R hemispehere of the brain

A

affects functional communication, problem solving, memory, and reasoning.

42
Q

homonymous hemianopsia

A

a field loss deficit in the same halves of a visual field in each eye

from a tumor, stroke, or TBI

43
Q

homonymous hemianopsia example

A

An injury to the R side of the brain will cause loss in left half of both eyes

an injury to the L side of the brain will result in loss of vision in the R half of each eye.

44
Q

R hemisphere syndrome w/ L homonymous hemianopia

A
  • oritented yet impulsive
  • struggle w/ organization
  • speech is slow
  • L sided neglect: L side of the world does not exist
45
Q

Sensory overload interventions

A
  • optimal pain management
  • silencing non essential alarms
  • clustering care activities
  • resetting her internal clock: promoting sleep/wake cycles
46
Q

Sensory deprivation interventions

A
  • increasing interactions w/ visitors or chaplain
  • open windows
  • provide music, videos, crosswords
  • providing in participation in care
  • distraction activities: folding towels
47
Q

Management of perceptual alterations

A
  • reorienting to the external enviroment
  • remind them that they are in the hospital and they are safe
  • providing reassurance
  • decreasing anxiety
  • using simple commands

Third Module 251 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions