Sensorimotor development

Question 1

gestational age

Answer 1

age from the first day or mother’s last period

Question 2

conceptual age

Answer 2

age from date of conception

Question 3

during the prenatal period

Answer 3

child responds to tactile stimuli, reflex development, innate tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular functions

Question 4

first trimester

Answer 4

sucking, hiccupping, fetal breathing, quick/generalized limb movement, postural changes, tactile responses develop first

Question 5

second trimester

Answer 5

startle to light/visual processing occurring, will turn towards auditory sounds, motor end plate forms, clonus response to stretch, movements include quickening, sleep sates, grasp reflex, reciprocal and symmetrical li,b movements

Question 6

third trimester

Answer 6

functional touch, temperature discrimination at end, tactile is the most mature sensory system at birth, some muscles, visual fixation occurs/able to focus, no hearing, some olfactory perception, respond to different tastes, primitive motor reflexes

Question 7

vestibular system

Answer 7

functions to detect the position and movement of our head in space, allows for the coordination of eye movements, posture, and equilibrium

Question 8

proprioception

Answer 8

sense that lets us perceive the location, movement, and action of parts of the body, encompasses a complex of sensations including perception of joint position and movement, muscle force, and effort

Question 9

somatosensory system

Answer 9

somatic senses, touch or tactile perception, help humans, recognize objects, discriminate textures, sensory motor feedback, pain, pressure, movement, temperature– goes from skin to brain (peripheral nervous system)

Question 10

in hand manipulation

Answer 10

the ability to move our fingers in a series of 3 dynamic patterns
-translation
-shift
-rotation
completed with 1 hand

Question 11

Translation

Answer 11

ability to move an item from the bottom of the palm to the top of palm and back
(giving out change, holding and moving several buttons or beads in hand without dropping

Question 12

finger to palm translation

Answer 12

movement of an object from the fingers to the palm
-picking up a coin and moving it to the palm

Question 13

shift

Answer 13

allows us to move our fingers into position on the pencil to allow for optimal control of the eraser
***pushing a string through a bead

Question 14

rotation

Answer 14

spinning a pencil with one hand to use the eraser , spinning a coin, flipping a card
-simple rotation: turning 90 degrees or less, moves as a unit (unscrewing a cap, spinning a pencil to adjust when erasing)
-complex rotation: turning an object more than 90 degrees using isolated finger and thumb movements (turning over a paper clip, turning over a pencil to erase)

Question 15

0-6 Months

Answer 15

-vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual systems become more integrated and lay foundation for postural control
-tactile and prop systems continue to be refined- foundation for somatosensory skills
-visual/tactile become more refined as child reaches out and grasps for objects
movement patterns progress from reflexive to voluntary and goal directed

Question 16

6-12 months

Answer 16

-vestibular, visual and somatosensory responses increase in quantity and quality as becoming more mobile
-tactile and proprioceptive perceptions are heightened - allows for the development of sounds for communication
-tactile, prop, gustatory and olfactory are integrated– allows for primitive self feeding

Question 17

13-24 months

Answer 17

tactile perception becomes more precise which allows for discrimination and localization to refine FMC
integration of systems furthers motor planning and movement patterns

Question 18

2-3 years

Answer 18

period of refinement as vestibular, prop, and visual systems further develop leading to improved balance and postural control
further development of tactile discrimination and localization lead to improved FMC

Question 19

3-7 years

Answer 19

driven to challenge sensorimotor competencies through play, games, sports, music, dance, arts and crafts, school tasks,