SENSES Flashcards
is the transduction of sound waves into a neural signal that is made by the structure of the ear
Hearing / Audtion
the large, fleshy structure on the lateral aspect of the head. also termed as Pinna, but preferably used in ears that can be moved such as the external ears of cats.
auricle
direct sound waves toward the auditory canal
c-shaped curves of the auricle
consist of the auricle, inner ear, and tympanic membrane
external ear
is located at the end of the auditory canal which vibrates when it is struck by sound waves
tympanic membrane/eardrum
a tube that runs from the outer ear to the eardrum
external acoustic meatus
the middle ear consists of a space spanned by three small bones
ossicles
attached to the tympanic membrane, and articulates with the incus
malleus/hammer
articulates with the stapes
incus/anvil
attached to the inner ear, where the sound waves will be transduced into a neural signal
stapes/stirrup
connected to the pharynx through the Eustachian tube, which helps equilibrate air pressure across the tympanic membrane
middle ear
often described as the bony labyrinth, as it is composed of a series of canals embedded within the temporal bone
inner ear
the two separate regions found in the inner ear which is responsible for hearing and balance
vestibule and cochlea
the two separate regions found in the inner ear which is responsible for hearing and balance
vestibule and cochlea
is transduced into neural sound within the cochlear region of the inner ear, which contains sensory neurons of the spiral ganglia
sound
is located within the spiral-shaped cochlea of the inner ear
ganglia
it is attached to the stapes through the oval window
cochlea
is located at the beginning of the fluid-like tube within the cochlea called the scala vestibuli
oval window
extends through the oval window, and travels above the cochlear duct, which is the central cavity of the cochlea that contains the sound-transducing neurons.
scala vestibuli
also called the fluid-like tube, returns to the base of the cochlea, this time traveling under the cochlear duct.
scala tympani
a special sense of sight that is based on the transduction of light received through the eyes
vision
supporting the eyelids, protecting and anchoring the soft tissues of the eyes
bony orbits
with eyelashes at their leading edges, helps to protect the eyes from abrasions
eyelids
the inner surface of each lid is thin membrane
palpebral conjunctiva
extend the white areas of the eye (sclera), connecting the eyelids to the eyeballs
conjunctiva
produced by the lacrimal gland
tears
detects light touch and pressure
merkel’s disk
detects light touch
hair follicle receptor
deepest receptor; associated with tendons and joints; detect deep pressure, vibration and position
Pacinian corpuscle
deep tactile receptor; detects pressure in the skin
Ruffini corpuscle
deep in the skin; localizing tactile sensation
Meissner corpuscle
firm, white outer layer; protects the internal structure, provides attachment site, helps maintain eye shapes.
schelara
transparent structure that covers the pupil and iris; allows light to enter and focuses light
cornea
the outer layer of the eyes
fibrous tunic
the middle layer of the eye
vascular tunic
help hold the lens in shape
cilliary body
helps hold the lens in place
suspensory ligaments
black part (melanin); delivers oxygen and nutrients to the retine
choroid
flexible disk; focuses light onto the retina
lens
colored part; surrounds and regulates pupil
iris
regulates the amount of light
pupil
covers 5/6 of the eye; contains 2 layers
retina
outer layer; keeps light from reflecting back in the eye
pigmented retina
contains photoreceptors; contains interneurons
sensory retina
photoreceptors sensitive to light; can function to dim light
rods
photoreceptors provide color vision
cones
where is the palate located?
roof of the mouth
lobes that process the odor
frontal and temporal lobes
where are the olfactory neurons located at?
mucous
sense of smell
olfaction
where are receptors located at in olfaction?
hard palate and nasal cavity
