sensaton and perseption

Question 1

Sensation vs perseption

Answer 1

sensation -the prosses of using the sensort system(ex. hearing)
perseption -how we organize and analyze that we sence (understanding a word that was said)

Question 2

Sensory cell

Answer 2

cells that convert stimuli into neural impulses

Question 3

sensoty transduction

Answer 3

the posses of converting sensoty stimulus into neural impulses

Question 4

Steps of sensory transduction

Answer 4

• stumulus detection
• receptor cell activiation
• generation of electrical signals
• signal transmition
• Central nervous system proceses
• body responds

Question 5

Absolute threshold

Answer 5

amount of stimulus needed to be detected 50% of time

Question 6

Difference threshold

Answer 6

minimal difference needed to differenciate between two stimulus

Question 7

signal detection theory

Answer 7

ability to respond to signal depends on the ability to differenciate from the noise

Question 8

inattentional blindness

Answer 8

induvidual fails to detect stimulis in plain sight

Question 9

ouderants

Answer 9

Air borne particles that are detected as odours

Question 10

Ofactory receptor nueons

Answer 10

sensory receptor cells that convert chemical signals from odourants into neural impulses that travel to the brain

Question 11

Ageusia

Answer 11

inability to taste

Question 12

What are the main tastes

Answer 12

Sweet,sour,bitter,salty,umami

Question 13

Hyposmia

Answer 13

reduced ability to smell

Question 13

Anosmia

Answer 13

inability to detect odours

Question 14

Reflex epilepsy

Answer 14

seizure occurs due to specific smell

Question 15

Migraine headaches

Answer 15

specifc odours can trigger migraines

Question 16

Tactile/cutaneous combination od senses are?

Answer 16

pressure, touch, temp, vibration, pain

Question 17

Free nerve endings

Answer 17

surface of skin
detect: pressure,touch,temp,pain

Question 18

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Answer 18

finger tips, lips and palms (hairless)
Detect: transduce info about sensitive touch

Question 19

Merkel’s Disc

Answer 19

near surface of skin
detect: transduce info on light to moderate pressure

Question 20

Ruffin’s end-organs

Answer 20

Deep in skin
Detect: heavy pressure & joint movment

Question 20

Pacinian Corpuscles

Answer 20

Deep in skin
Detect: heavy pressure and vibrations

Question 21

Touch slow pathway(inmyelinated pathway)

Answer 21

communicate w/ brain, procces emotions , slow pain is burning rather than sharp pain

Question 21

Touch fast pathway(myelinated)

Answer 21

sharp localized pain id felt quicker b/c it travels myelinated neuron to brain

Question 22

Chronic pain

Answer 22

pain that careies on for 12 or more weeks dispite treatment

Question 23

Familial Dysautonomia

Answer 23

Rare genetic condition assosiated w/ an inability to detect pain or temperatue or produce tears

Question 23

amplitude

Answer 23

maginture of wave, height
dtermines loudness, measured in db

Question 23

phantom limb sensations

Answer 23

tactile hallucinations of touch pressure, vibes and pain

Question 24

Defness

Answer 24

can be ginetic, caused by infections, physical trauma

Question 24

How to hear

Answer 24

• wave enters ear
• hit eardrum
• waves pass into middle ears
• 3 smallest bones, hammer, anvil and stirrup
• stirrup hits oval window creating waves in fluid in cochlea
• fluid deflects membrane bending its hair cells
• hair cells create neural impulse

Question 25

Tinnitus

Answer 25

Ringing in the ear
due to abnormalities in the ear
1/200 ppl experience it

Question 26

sight

Answer 26

~70% of all sensory receptors are in the eyes

Question 26

How eye works?

Answer 26

• light enters eye
• muscle in iris adjust pupil size to control amount of light allowed in
• muscels also change the shape of the lens to bring the object into focus
• lens focuses of the light on the retina
• photoreceptors in retina transduce light wave into impulse

Question 27

Photo receptor rods

Answer 27

• detect light
• used for periphery and night vison
• not as accurate as cones
• 100 million + more rods then cones

Question 28

lighrt receptor cone

Answer 28

• cenreal and colour vison
• very accurate
• fovea contain all cones
• 4-6 million

Question 28

Visual pathway

Visual

Answer 28

• optic nerve
• projected to the thalamus
• neurons then poject to the visual cortex

Question 29

Stabismus

Answer 29

lack of coordianted moviment in both eyes

Question 30

Amblyopia

Answer 30

loss of vusual abilities in the weeker eye
abnormal developement of visual cortex