Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations EXAM 2 > Sensation, Perception & Cogn. chapter 30 > Flashcards

Sensation, Perception & Cogn. chapter 30 Flashcards

1
Q

4 components of the nervous system:

A
  1. Reception of stimulus
  2. Perception of stimulus
  3. Arousal Mechanisms
  4. Responding to the sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Senses give information about the environment ___ and ___ of our bodies

A

Inside and outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The process of receiving stimuli from nerve endings in the skin and inside the body

A

1st component of sensory experience: Reception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does reception of a stimulus work?

A

A receptor converts a stimulus to a nerve impulse and transmits the impulse along sensory neurons to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Found in skin and hair follicles. Touch, pressure and vibration

A

Mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Found in several places within the ear; cochlea detects sound waves; vestibular apparatus detects equilibrium and balance, position of the head and acceleration of the body

A

Hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Found in skin and detect variations in temperature

A

Thermo-receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Located in the retina and detect visible light

A

Photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Found in the skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints. Position of our body in space.

A

Proprioreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Located in the taste buds; olfactory located in the epithelium of the nasal cavity detects smell

A

Chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ability to interpret the impulses transmitted from the receptors and give meaning to the stimuli

A

2nd Component of sensory experience: Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Perceptions occur when the person becomes:

A

Aware of the stimulus and receives the information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The brain discards about ___ fo the stimulus that occurs

A

99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Perception is affected by:

A
  • location of the receptors and pathways activated
  • # of receptors activated
  • frequency of action potentials generated
  • changes in locations, # and freq.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The mechanism in the brainstem that controls alertness and is called the Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A

Arousal Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__ is needed to perceive, interpret and react to incoming stimuli

A

RAS

Reticular Activating System

17
Q

Neurons of the RAS system make connections between the ___ ___, ___, ___ and ___ ___ which relays visual, auditory and other stimuli that helps keep us awake, attentive and observant

A

Spinal cord, cerebellum, thalamus and cerebral cortex

18
Q

RAS is affected by:

A
  • The amount of stimuli it receives
  • Loud surroundings can increase RAS making the person more awake, alert and active.
  • Darker surroundings, medications, sedation, anesthesia depress the RAS

** sleep is controlled by RAS**

19
Q

The end result of a stimulus being perceived and impulses being carried to appropriate places in the brain.

A

Responding to sensations

20
Q

Responding to sensations of a stimuli are based on:

A
  1. Intensity- ^ or decrease response
  2. Contrast- additional stimuli in a given situation. Going from outside to the garage to inside by a fire.
  3. Adaptation- getting used to surrounding.
  4. Previous Experiences- pt turning away from you when giving injection. *pain
21
Q

Factors affecting sensory function: Developmental Variations

  1. Newborns
A
  1. Less acute vision- staring at things but no crips vision.
  2. ^ sound accuity at lower frequency.
  3. Can discriminate tastes and prefer sweet over sour
  4. Can recognize smell of their own mothers breast milk
  5. Touch is keenly present in face, hands and soles of feet
22
Q

Factors affecting sensory function: Developmental Variations

Infants

A
  • need sensory stimulation to grow and develop normally
  • tactile (soothing, cuddling, feeding) creates a bond, provides comfort and teaches the infant about external environments
  • auditory system is developed by playing music and talking to them
23
Q

Factors affecting sensory function: Developmental Variations

Children & Adolescents

A
  • visual acuity improves
  • full depth perception is achieved during the preschool period
  • hearing is fully developed
  • gait and balance is steady after toddler years
  • development is peer driven and social interaction provides a wealth of sensory stimulation
24
Q

Factors affecting sensory function: Developmental Variations

-Adults and Older Adults

A

Early adulthood: senses are at their peak

Older adults: decreased nerve conduction fibers: slower reflexes and delayed response to stimuli

25
Q

How does culture affect sensory function?

A

Nature, type and amount of interaction and stimulation that people feel comfortable with.

  • eye contact
  • person space
  • physical touch
26
Q

Affects that medication have on how we perceive things

A

Medications that cross the blood brain barrier affect neurological and sensory function by damaging or killing brain cells.

Aspirin and Lasix- can cause auditory nerves damage if taken too long or pushed too fast.

Multiple sclerosis- slow nerve impulse transmissions

27
Q

How can trauma affect sensory perception?

A
  • depends on injury
    Head injury and neuro patients are keenly aware of stimulus that is going on. Counterintuitive for healing. Need decreased stimulation
28
Q

How does stress affect someone’s sensory perception?

A

Provides added stimulation and sometimes, it adds too much

29
Q

How does sensory overload affect sensory perception?

A

Can lead to physical illness, hair loss, weight gain or loss, anorexia, insomnia etc.

30
Q

What type of things impair sensory reception?

A 
Neurologic injury
Dementia
Depression
Sleep deprivation
Sensory losses
CNS depressant medications
31
Q

What other types of things can increase the risk of sensory deprivation?

A
  1. Restricted mobility
  2. Sensory deficits- vision, hearing
  3. Non-stimulating, monotonous environment- orphanages, prisons,homebound, nursing home, isolation
  4. Being from different culture
32
Q

Impaired vision and impaired hearing can be caused by ___ or ___

A

Trauma or disease

33
Q

Results from Xerostomia (excessive dry mouth) which can be caused by medications, decreased saliva production, inadequate fluid intake, poor nutrition, or poor oral hygiene, common colds, infections, smoking etc.

A

Impaired taste

34
Q

Impaired smell:

A
  • essential for the sense of taste
  • can be results of trauma, illness, tumor
  • can cause loss of appetite
35
Q

Impaired tactile perception:

A

Can be caused by stroke, brain or spinal cord tumor, peripheral nerve damage from DM, Gillian Barre syndrome or chronic alcoholism

36
Q

Impaired kinesthetic sense (muscle sense)

A

Often caused by inner ear issues

Parkinson’s, stroke and medications can cause impairments

Foundations EXAM 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions