Sensation and Perception Lecture 4

Question 1

Sensation refers to:

Answer 1

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimuli from our environment

Question 2

Perception refers to:

Answer 2

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

Question 3

In our everyday world sensation and perception _____ into one _____ process

Answer 3

blend, continuous

Question 4

The stimulus input of vision is ______ . There must be _____ energy for us to see

Answer 4

light, light

Question 5

Light enters the eye through the ______

Answer 5

cornea

Question 6

Cornea

Answer 6

Transparent window that protects the eye and bends light to provide focus

Question 7

the corneas job is to

Answer 7

protect and bend light as it comes out

Question 8

light then passes through the pupil to a _____ that focuses on incoming light rays into an image on the _____

Answer 8

lens, retina

Question 9

The iris _____ or______ depending on the amount of _____ present in the enviornment

Answer 9

constricts or dialates

Question 10

Nearsightedness and why?

Answer 10

causes by focusing problems on the lens, closer objects are seen more clearly far objects are seen as blurry

why? distance of light falls short of the retina

Question 11

farsightedness and why

Answer 11

close objects are blurry far objects are clear, focus of light falls beyond the retina

Question 12

The retina and what it does

Answer 12

Natural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye,

absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual information to the brain for further processing// TRANSFORMS PATTERNS OF LIGHT INTO A DIFFERENT REPRESENTATION OF A SCENE

Question 13

light makes its way through the retinas inner layer of cells to receptor cells in the outer layer: _____ and ______

Answer 13

rods and cones

Question 14

Rods

Answer 14

Detect black white and grey; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision

NIGHT VISION

Question 15

Cones

Answer 15

function in daylight or in well-lit conditions; detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations

DAYLIGHT VISION and GREATER DETAIL

Question 16

The retina pattern slide need help

Question 17

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic theory

Answer 17

The retina has three types of color receptors GREEN RED and BLUE
stimulating a combination of these colors allows us to see more colors

Question 18

Opponent-process theory

Answer 18

Opposing retina processes
ex: some cells stimulated by green are inhibited by red some the other way around

Question 19

Afterimages and how they work; think of staring at the red circle then seeing a green one when it disappears why?

Answer 19

Cone cells become fatigued and temporarily do not respond so the opposite color takes over

Question 20

Gestalt

Answer 20

organized whole

Question 21

When given a cluster of sensations people tend to organize them in a ______

Answer 21

gestalt

Question 22

Gestalt principles

Answer 22

series of principles that explain how the visual system organizes a scene into meaningful ways

Question 23

Organizing stimulus into a figure thats seen against a ground is known as which gestalt principle?

Answer 23

figure and ground

Question 24

The same stimulus can trigger _____ than one perception

Answer 24

more

Question 25

once we discriminate figure from ground we need to organize the figure into a ______ form

Answer 25

meaningful

Question 26

Gestalt principle of Proximity

Answer 26

we effortlessly group nearby objects together to help us makes sense of what we are seeing

Question 27

Gestalt principle of similarity

Answer 27

grouping similar objects/figures together

Question 28

Gestalt principle of Continuity

Answer 28

we see things as smooth and continuous even in the lack of evidence that thats the case

Question 29

Gestalt principle of simplicity

Answer 29

organize elements into the simplest possible ways

Question 30

Gestalt Principle of Closure

Answer 30

Gaps are filled to create a complete, whole object

Question 31

How do we see the world in 3D? and how does 3D help us?

Answer 31

Depth perception, allows us to estimate their distance from us

Question 32

Gibson and Walk visual cliff experiments ADD MORE HERE

Answer 32

testing New born babies vs new born animals in their depth perception

Question 33

who invented the imaginary cliff/ visual cliff?

Answer 33

Eleanor Gibson

Question 34

There are ___ different cues that allow us to see the work in 3 dimensions. What are they?

Answer 34

1. 2
2. binocular cues Monocular cues

Question 35

Binocular cues are ____ cues that depend on the use of ____ eyes.

Explain more about binocular cues:

Answer 35

depth, both

each retina receives a slightly different image of the world. The retinal disparity provides an important cure about the relative distance of objects.

Question 36

retinal disparity

Answer 36

the difference between the images of your right and left eye

the closer an object is the greater the retinal disparity

Question 37

Monocular cues are ____ cues available to _____ eye.

Answer 37

depth, either

Question 38

Match the description with its appropriate monocular cue:

If we assume two objects are similar in size people will assume the one that casts the smallest shadow is further away

Answer 38

Relative size

Question 39

Match the description with its appropriate monocular cue:

If an object partially blocks our view of another object we perceive the object blocking as closer and the object blocked as further away

Answer 39

interposition

Question 40

Match the description with its appropriate monocular cue:

we perceive the object that is dimmer is further away and the object that is brighter is seen as closer

Answer 40

light and shadow

Question 41

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 41

Idea that we perceive objects as unchanging even as retinal images change

Question 42

inaccurate assumptions from perceptions lead to______
define the word as well

Answer 42

Visual Illusions: discrepancy between the appearance of a visual stimulant and its physical reality

Question 43

True or False: Individuals from western cultures are more seseptible of straight line illusions than others

Answer 43

TRUE