Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

intro to psychology > Sensation and perception > Flashcards

Sensation and perception Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Define sensation

A

receiving information through sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define perception

A

Interpreting information from sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define proprioception

A

ability to be aware of your body’s motions and position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define transduction

A

transforming information into electrical impulses that the brain can understand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who called the study of how external stimuli affect us psychophysics

A

Gustav Fechner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of threshold refers to the weakest possible stimulus that a person can still perceive

A

The absolute threshold or the detection threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does signal detection analysis test

A

ability to distinguish real sounds from background noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is known as sensitivity

A

ability to hear real signals and correctly say when there aren’t signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What threshold refers to our ability to detect a change in a stimulus’ intensity?

A

The difference threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the Weber’s law say?

A

the “just noticeable difference of a stimulus is proportional to the original intensity of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you call the phenomena that lead the brain to stop paying attention to stimulus that stay the same for a long time

A

Sensory adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is selective attention

A

choosing to focus on certain sensations over others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is human’s most important sense

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does vision involve?

A

A complicated process of converting light signals into images in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the process of vision

A

Light passes through the lens where it is focused, to the retina where photoreceptors calls rods and cones convert the information to electrical impulses that can be interpreted by the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are rods

A

photoreceptors perceiving black and white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are cones

A

Photoreceptors perceiving colors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does propose the Young Helmets theory?

A

That we have three different kinds of cones that process different colors (one for blue, one for green and one for red) (It was unsatisfying to explain why people can see yellow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What theory explains that we have three sets of opponent colors

A

the opponent process theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What occurs in phototransduction?

A

The retina converts electromagnetic light waves into electronic stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does visible spectrum refers to?

A

The range of wavelengths that the human eye can perceive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In which order does light enters the eye?

A

Cornea, pupil and then the lens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the photoreceptor neurons, rods and cones, located in?

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What experiment exposed infants as young as six months old to Plexiglas-covered drop-off

A

The Gibson and Walk’s famous visual cliff experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 2 main kind of depth cues

A

Binocular and monocular

26
Q

What does mean the monocular cue called interposition

A

When you judge than on object is closer to you than an other because one overlap the other.

27
Q

What the monocular cue producing the impression that 2 lines seems to converge as they get further away

A

things that are farther away seem to get closer together

28
Q

When thing appears physically higher up it refers to the monocular cue called

A

position cue

29
Q

what does relative size mean

A

An object further away seems small than those closer

30
Q

Define motion parallax

A

Things closer seem to move faster than things in the distance.

31
Q

When a distant object seems less distinct than a closer object it is called

A

texture gradient

32
Q

Define aerial perspective

A

things in the distance appear foggier than things nearby

33
Q

What does retinal disparity mean

A

2 eyes a little bit apart from each other generate 2 slightly different images to send to the brain

34
Q

What does sound made of

A

molecules vibrating in patterns called waves

35
Q

What do sound waves need to travel

A

some sort of matter to disturb

36
Q

What do affect the length of sound wave

A

Frequency
Short->high
Long-> low

37
Q

To what feature of sound loudness is related

A

Amplitude

38
Q

Define amplitude

A

The height of the sound wave. The bigger the wave the louder the sound

39
Q

To say that the decibel scale is logarithmic means

A

that if 1 sound is 10 decibel louder than another, it’s actually 10 times as loud

40
Q

How does the hear process sound and turns it into signal that can be interpreted by the brain

A

Sound first enters the ear and reverberates around the pinna, or folds of cartilage in the outermost part of the ear. Then it travels down the auditory canal, which amplifies the sound until it hits the eardrum. The eardrum rests up against the ossicles, which are those tiny bones we were talking about at the very beginning. There are three of them, and they help transform the sound from vibrations in the air to vibrations in the fluid inside the nearby cochlea. The cochlea looks kind of like a twisty seashell; it’s filled with fluid and with small hair cells that support bundles of cilia, small fibers that can sense vibrations in the fluid. These hair cells send nerve impulses to nearby neurons. These signals then travel down the auditory nerve and into the brain.

41
Q

What does make possible to tell where sounds are coming from

A

our ear placement

42
Q

Define proprioception

A

how we make sense of our bodies’ actions and reactions related to the 5 senses.

43
Q

List the 5 tastes the tongue can detect are

A

sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami (also known as savory)

44
Q

What are taste bud

A

receptor on the tongue telling neurons to fire off signals when certain substance touch them

45
Q

Not all receptors on the tongue are related to taste

true or false?

A

True. Minty food or spicy food are example of nerve reaction not directly related to taste.

46
Q

Define a lock and key system

A

A neuron will only fire if a particular odor molecule comes along and activates it

47
Q

How many odors the human nose can tell apart

A

almost 10,000 odors (and it is less developed than other mammals)

48
Q

To what system both touch and proprioception are considered to be part of

A

The somatosensory system

which report sensations of pressure, body position and pain

49
Q

What is the name of the largest body’s organ? and to what does it respond to?

A

The skin: pressure, hot, cold, pain

50
Q

What is the sense of proprioception

A

specialized neurons inside the body that fire off signal when our muscles move in order to help keep track of where our limbs are.

51
Q

When you have a cold and feel dizzy or disoriented when system causes it

A

The vestibular system (also helps to keep track of where our body is and is controlled by the fluid inside the ear)

52
Q

What are the senses that are closely related

A

taste and smell

53
Q

What produces all the feeling that we have

A

A combination of the four skin basic sensations : pain, hot, cold and pressure.

54
Q

Why do newborn have poor vision

A

the part of the eye that deals with details, called the fovea, isn’t completely developed at birth

55
Q

What newborn’s senses facilitate better communication and bounding with their mothers

A

The sense of touch, smell and hearing

56
Q

The _____ theory of hearing states that auditory neurons in the ear fire action potentials at the same rate as the frequency of the sound they respond to.

A

frequency

57
Q

What is an example of the aerial perspective?

A

Items in the distance appear foggier than things nearby.

58
Q

Finish the analogy: _____ is to receiving as perception is to interpreting

A

Sensation

59
Q

Where are cilia located in the ear?

A

in the cochlea

60
Q

Which structure is located at the back of the eye and contains the rods and cones?

A

Retina

intro to psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions