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intro to psychology > Psychology basics > Flashcards

Psychology basics Flashcards

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1
Q

why is psychology interesting?

A

it tests the obvious to search for the true roots of our behaviors

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2
Q

What did reveal the Solomon Asch experiment?

A

The power of peer pressure in answering a very easy question

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3
Q

What does misattribution mean?

A

Making a mistaken assumption as to what caused a feeling

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4
Q

What is psychology?

A

The scientific study of how we think, feel and behave.

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5
Q

What are the 5 main approaches in psychology?

A

Biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive and humanistic

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6
Q

What is the focus of the biological approach?

A

It looks at how our nervous system, hormones and genetic makeup affect human behavior

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7
Q

What is the focus of the Psychodynamic approach?

A

the unconscious mind and the experiences from early childhood (Freud)

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8
Q

What is the focus of the Behavioral approach?

A

The conditionment produced by the environment and the place of reinforcement and punishment in it. (Skinner)

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9
Q

What is the focus of the Cognitive approach?

A

on thoughts and feelings in our internal process. (Piaget)

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10
Q

What is the focus of the humanistic approach?

A

individual’s motivation for flourishing and empowerment

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11
Q

What is the main tool of psychology

A

the scientific method

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12
Q

What does the scientific method allows for psychologists?

A

To interpret observable behaviors

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13
Q

How is used the scientific method in psychology?

A

It compares cause and effect relationship bw 2 different variables and 2 test groups.

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14
Q

What is an independant variable?

A

A cause

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15
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

An effect

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a double blind study?

A

To prevent the researcher from influencing the outcome

17
Q

What is structuralism?

A

An approach used by Wilhelm Wundt to establish a series of fundamental relations or structures that could explain all behavior. Mainly in a lab through introspection. (judged to subjective)

18
Q

What is functionalism?

A

William James’ approach influenced by Darwin to question why we behave the way we do. It is the study of the evolutionary advantages certain behavior can provide (survival or evolutionary fitness) (forbearer of evolutionary psychology)

19
Q

What does evolutionary fitness means?

A

Likelihood to transmit our genes to our children

20
Q

What is the focus of the Gestalt psychology

A

Perception and organization (of forms mainly)

21
Q

In the Gestalt psy what does emergence mean?

A

our ability to perceive a whole without first noticing its parts

22
Q

In the Gestalt psy what does reification mean?

A

refers to the mind’s ability to fill in an implied shape

23
Q

In the Gestalt psy what does the law of similarity mean?

A

people tend to group similar items together

24
Q

In the Gestalt psy what does the law of proximity mean?

A

people tend to use how close objects are to one another to perceive a larger image

25
Q

What is the most important assumption in Humanistic psychology?

A

self-actualization, or the will to be the best that we can be, motivates us

26
Q

What is the an important focus in Humanistic psychology?

A

what you think and how it drives you

27
Q

What is the most important focus in Cognitive psychology?

A

how you think about yourself and the world around you

28
Q

What is Cognitive behavioral therapy?

A

integrates the Cognitive and behavioral approach, teaching patients how to consciously change their cognitive states in order to modify both behavior and mood.

29
Q

What does Social psychology assess?

A

how your family and friends influence your attitudes and behavior

30
Q

What is the an important focus in Developmental psychology?

A

how you change over your lifetime

31
Q

What is the an important focus in clinical psychology?

A

the diagnostic and treatment of mental health

32
Q

What does the Philip Zimbardo experience teach us?

A

to respect certain ethics in conducting psychological experiences

33
Q

What are the main concern of ethics in psychology

A

minimize harm and produce informed consent

34
Q

What is tolerated but must be minimized and explained afterward

A

Deception

35
Q

Psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment in which participants were instructed to administer _____ to ‘learners’ in another room.

A

electric shocks

36
Q

Forming a hypothesis is the _____ step to the scientific method.

A

first

intro to psychology (5 decks)

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