Sensation And Perception

Question 1

What are sensory receptors?

Answer 1

Detect one type of stimulus from the interior of the body or the external environment

Receives only one kind of information and transmits that information to sensory nerve, which can intern convey it to the CNS

Question 2

What are exteroceptors?

Answer 2

Receptors that detect stimuli from the outside world

Question 3

What are interoceptors?

Answer 3

Respond to internal stimuli

Question 7

What are the five types of sensory receptors?

Answer 7

1) Mechanoreceptors
2) Chemoreceptors
3) Nociceptors
4) Thermoreceptors
5) Electromagnetic receptors

Question 8

What type of sensory receptor responds to mechanical disturbances?

Answer 8

Mechanoreceptors

Question 9

Describe four examples of a mechanoreceptor

Answer 9

1) Pacinian corpuscles: onion-shaped pressure sensors located deep within the skin
2) Auditory hair cells: specialized cell found in the cochlea of the inner ear that detects vibrations caused by sound waves
3) Vestibular hair cells: located in the semicircular canals that detect acceleration and position relative to gravity
4) Autonomic receptors detecting the stretch of an intestinal wall

Question 10

What type of sensory receptor responds to particular chemicals?

Answer 10

Chemoreceptors

Question 11

What are three examples of chemoreceptors?

Answer 11

1) Olfactory receptors detect airborne chemicals and allow us to smell things
2) Gustatory receptors, AKA tastebuds
3) Autonomic receptors in arteries that respond to changes in certain levels

Question 12

What type of sensory receptor responds to pain and is stimulated by tissue injury?

Answer 12

Nociceptors

Question 13

What type of sensory receptors are stimulated by changes in temperature?

Answer 13

Thermoreceptors

Question 14

What are the three categories of peripheral thermoreceptors?

Answer 14

Cold-sensitive, warm-sensitive, thermal Nociceptors

Question 15

What type of sensory receptors are stimulated by electromagnetic waves?

Answer 15

Electromagnetic receptors

Question 16

What are the only examples of electromagnetic receptors in humans?

Answer 16

The rods and cones of the retina, also known as photoreceptors

Question 17

How does the brain distinguish between stimulation of visual receptors and olfactory receptors?

Answer 17

Both signals are received in the brain as action potentials from sensory neurons, but the brain distinguishes the sensory stimuli based on which sensory neurons are signaling

Question 18

What four properties do all sensory receptors need to encode regarding the nature of the stimulus to be communicated to the CNS?

Answer 18

1) modality
2) location
3) intensity
4) duration

Question 19

What is stimulus modality and how is it determined?

Answer 19

The type of stimulus; based on which type of receptor is firing

Question 20

How is the stimulus location communicated?

Answer 20

By the receptive field of the sensory receptor sending the signal

Question 21

How can the localization of a stimulus be improved?

Answer 21

By overlapping receptive fields of neighboring receptors so the brain can local is the stimulus in the overlap; by lateral inhibition of neighboring receptors

Question 22

How is the stimulus intensity coded?

Answer 22

It is coded by the frequency of action potentials

Question 23

What is the range of intensities that can be detected by sensory receptors

Answer 23

Dynamic range

Question 24

What type of receptor fires action potentials as long as the stimulus continues?

Answer 24

Tonic receptors

Question 25

What happens to a tonic receptor as they are subjected to the stimulus at the same level?

Answer 25

They frequency of the action potentials decreases

Question 26

What type of receptors only fire action potentials when the stimulus begins and does not specifically communicate the duration of the stimulus?

Answer 26

Phasic receptors

Question 27

What is adaptation, in terms of sensory receptors?

Answer 27

The decrease in firing frequency when the intensity of a stimulus remains constant; what allows us to get used to certain environments and situations

Question 28

What type of sensory receptor does not adapt under any circumstance?

Answer 28

Nociceptors

Question 29

What broad category includes many different types of receptors, and is also known as the kinesthetic sense?

Answer 29

Proprioception

Question 30

What does proprioception refer to?

Answer 30

An awareness of self/body position

“Propio”- of or pertaining to the self