Sensation and Perception Flashcards
What is defined as the detection, like when you see, hear or smell something automatically?
Sensation
What is defined as the interpretation or making sense of something that you experience?
Perception
What is defined as filtering through incoming sensations and is involuntary?
Sensory Reduction, like mother hearing a baby crying in her sleep and not a train nearby.
What is defined as the psychological reaction to something in the physical world like a sight, sound, smell or taste of something?
Psychophysics
Psychologists take what two types of thresholds?
Absolute Thresholds and Difference Thresholds
What type of threshold is the minimum amount of stimulus required for detection?
Absolute threshold, like the faintest sound a person can pick up during a hearing test
What type of threshold is the just noticeable difference between 2 similar stimuli?
JND or Difference Threshold, like a wine taster knowing the difference in very similar wines.
What is defined as the diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus?
Sensory Adaptation
Tough transparent layer of the eye
cornea
opening of the eye that constricts and dilates
pupil
colored part of the eye
iris
the part of the eye that focuses light (accommodation)
lens
The back part of the eye containing photoreceptors.
retina
What are the 2 photoreceptors in the retina?
rods (dim lights) and cones (color and fine detail)
What is the tympanic membrane in the ear?
eardrum
what are decibels in the ear?
units of sounds
what is the faintest detectable sound?
1 decibel
What is the amount of decibels for a normal conversation?
60 decibels
At what amount of decibels would cause hearing damage?
90 decibels
What is olfaction?
Smell
What is audition?
hearing/ear
How many different smells can humans detect?
10,000
What is the point of taste gustation?
Function, to keep you from danger.
What is defined as false or misleading perceptions?
Illusions
What is defined as focusing on what you choose to pay attention to?
selective attention, like the cocktail party effect.
What is defined as the tendency to ignore an unchanging environmental stimulus?
selective habituation
What is ignoring a post-it note you’ve had up for a week or disregarding a compliment from a long time partner an example of?
selective habituation
What are the list of guidelines that help humans organize their perceptions?
The Gestalt Principles
What Gestalt Principle is defined as a figure being perceived as separate from the background?
Figure from Ground
What Gestalt Principle is defined as the tendency to perceive a complete unit, even where there are gaps?
Closure
What is defined as the perception of an object that remains the same despite changes in stimulus?
Constancies: size, shape, and color. like knowing the size of a car remains the same no matter how close or far you are from its view.
What is defined as the ability to judge a distance and perceive 3 dimensionally?
Depth Perception
How is Depth Perception measured?
By height, weight and distance
What are the 2 cues to perceive depth?
Monocular (one eye) and Binocular (2 eyes)
What does the cues to perceive depth mean?
Types of convergence
What does “frame of reference” mean?
context clues: tall, buff, strong man assumed to be basketball player but is really a librarian.
What is defined as the readiness to perceive in a particular way?
Perceptual Set, like answering the phone thinking 100% it is your cheating ex calling you back.
