Senior Judah review

Question 1

How many types of human tissue are there?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What are the four types of human tissue?

Answer 2

Nervous, connective, epithelial, muscle

Question 3

Which tissue has the poorest capacity for renewal?

Answer 3

Nervous

Question 4

Which tissue has the best capacity for renewal?

Answer 4

Epithelial

Question 5

What type of tissue generates force?

Answer 5

Muscle

Question 6

What structures attach cells together and attach them to the basement membrane?

Answer 6

Cell junctions

Question 7

What else are cell junctions used for?

Answer 7

Communication between cells

Question 8

What two categories can epithelial tissue be divided into?

Answer 8

Covering and lining epithelium & Glandular epithelium

Question 9

What are tattoos known as?

Answer 9

Lesions

Question 10

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 10

Temperature regulation, protection, cutaneous sensation, and excretion/absorption/synth

Question 11

What are the five signs of inflammation?

Answer 11

Localized Hyperthermia (due to increased blood flow)
Erythema (due to dilation of blood vessels)
Localized Edema (due to increased vessels permeability & extravasation of fluid)
Pain (due to chemical mediators like bradykinin)
Loss of function (due to all above)

Question 12

Is inflammation the same as infection?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Does infection cause inflammation?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Does inflammation cause infection?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What are the two types of aging?

Answer 15

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 16

What is intrinsic aging?

Answer 16

Natural, unpreventable

Question 17

What is extrinsic aging?

Answer 17

Preventable structural & functional changes from environmental factors, lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, drugs), social determinants, cosmetic surgeries

Question 18

What happens to the skin as we age?

Answer 18

Lose collogen, deterioration of wound repair capacity, thinning of skin

Question 19

The restoration of tissue encompasses what two processes

Answer 19

Regeneration and replacement

Question 20

When does replacement happen?

Answer 20

When there is severe damage to skin

Question 21

What are the phases of healing?

Answer 21

Inflammation phase (1-3 days post injury), Proliferative phase (2-10 days post injury), Early Remodeling Phase (2–3 weeks post-injury), Late Remodeling Phase (months to > 1 year)

Question 22

A laceration that has been sutured is what type of healing?

Answer 22

Primary intention

Question 23

Puncture of the skin that does not get sutured and heals inside to outside is what type of healing?

Answer 23

Secondary intention

Question 24

If asked about occupation, hobbies, diet what is this?

Answer 24

Social history

Question 25

If asked allergens to medications, food, environment what section?

Answer 25

Allergies

Question 26

Deployments, PCS, and travel are what section?

Answer 26

Travel

Question 27

History of sunburn is what?

Answer 27

Past medical history

Question 28

What is atopy?

Answer 28

Exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response triggering a histamine response. (Allergic response)

Question 29

What are examples of atopy?

Answer 29

Atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, latex and some food allergies; Anaphylaxis, some cases of angioedema, urticaria

Question 30

What are the 2 parts of the exam?

Answer 30

Inspection and palpation

Question 31

As an IDC what are the only tools that are needed for the exam?

Answer 31

Eyes and hands

Question 32

How many levels are on the Fitzpatrick Scale?

Answer 32

6

Question 33

What is the darkest level on the Fitzpatrick Scale?

Answer 33

6

Question 34

What is the lightest level on the Fitzpatrick Scale?

Answer 34

1

Question 35

What is a circle with a clearing in the center?

Answer 35

Annular (Ring shaped)

Question 36

What is a circle with a dark center?

Answer 36

Targetoid

Question 37

What is a “C” shape or incomplete formation of an annular lesion?

Answer 37

Arcuate (arc-shaped)

Question 38

What is dot-like?

Answer 38

Punctate

Question 39

What looks like a doughnut and is elevated with a central depression of the surface?

Answer 39

Umbilicated

Question 40

A lighter area of skin relative to the rest of the skin is called what?

Answer 40

Hypopigmented

Question 41

A darker area of skin relative to the rest of the skin is called what?

Answer 41

Hyperpigmented

Question 42

Where are the typical sun exposed areas of the body?

Answer 42

Face, arms, legs

Question 43

What area are the extensors?

Answer 43

Occurring over the dorsal extremities, (extensor muscles, knees, or elbows)

Question 44

What area are the flexors?

Answer 44

Overlying the flexor muscles of the extremities (antecubital & popliteal fossae)

Question 45

What does seborrheic mean?

Answer 45

Favoring the hair-bearing locations of the skin; Scalp, eyebrows, beard, central chest, axillae, genitals, nasolabial and postauricular creases.

Question 46

A fluid filled lesion that is <1 cm in size is a what?

Answer 46

Vesicle

Question 47

A fluid filled lesion that is >1 cm in size is a what?

Answer 47

Pustule

Question 48

The inflammation of a hair follicle that can occur anywhere on the body where hair exists is what?

Answer 48

Folliculitis

Question 49

What’s an example of non-infectious causes of foliculitis

Answer 49

Skinny jeans

Question 50

What are two common causes of bacterial folliculitis?

Answer 50

S. aureus and Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas (contaminated H20 contamination)

Question 51

How do you treat folliculitis?

Answer 51

Mupirocin ointment or Cephalexin (Keflex) PO

Question 52

How do you treat folliculitis with MRSA?

Answer 52

Bactrim, Clindamycin, Doxycycline

Question 53

How do you treat fungal folliculitis?

Answer 53

Ketoconazole

Question 54

. What instruction governs PFB?

Answer 54

BUPERINST1000.22C

Question 55

What is a good differential for PFB?

Answer 55

Acne

Question 56

What is a complication of PFB?

Answer 56

Scarring, hyperpigmentation, keloids

Question 57

Impetigo is an infection of what layer of the skin?

Answer 57

Epidermis

Question 58

What are the two types of impetigo?

Answer 58

Bullous and nonbullous

Question 59

How does nonbullous impetigo present?

Answer 59

Yellow/golden/honeycomb crust

Question 60

How does bullous impetigo present?

Answer 60

Brown crust

Question 61

If left untreated, impetigo can develop into what?

Answer 61

Ecthyma

Question 62

What common bacteria is associated with impetigo?

Answer 62

Staphylococcus aureus alone or combined with group A ß-hemolytic streptococci

Question 63

What are risk factors for impetigo?

Answer 63

(1)Warm, humid environment (2)Tropical or subtropical climate (3)Summer or fall season (4)Minor trauma, insect bites, breaches in skin (5)Poor hygiene, poverty, crowding, epidemics, wartime (6)Familial spread (7)Complication of pediculosis, scabies, chickenpox, eczema/atopic dermatitis (8)Contact dermatitis (9)Burns (10)Contact sports (11)Children in daycare

Question 64

What lab test will you always do for derm?

Answer 64

Woods lamp and KOH prep

Question 65

If a patient has impetigo, and is then treated with mupirocin ointment and it does not get better what else can you do?

Answer 65

Oral antibiotics

Question 66

What are the five signs of inflammation?

Answer 66

Pain, Warmth, loss of function, redness, swelling

Question 67

What is the most common portal of entry for lower leg cellulitis?

Answer 67

Tinea Pedis due to fissures

Question 68

Will a patient always present with fever, chills, and malaise with cellulitis?

Answer 68

No

Question 69

If a patient reports with a red mark on their arm what is something you should definitely do?

Answer 69

Mark the area

Question 70

What is a common differential for lower leg cellulitis?

Answer 70

DVT

Question 71

Patient reports that he was stabbed with a nail. Other than treatment what else should be considered for this patient?

Answer 71

Tetanus vaccine if >5 years for last dose give booster

Question 72

What is the treatment for a patient that was bitten by a dog?

Answer 72

Augmentin

Question 73

What is the treatment for a patient with suspected MRSA?

Answer 73

Clindamycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Clindamycin, Doxycycline, Bactrim)

Question 74

No animal bite or no MRSE what is given?

Answer 74

Keflex

Question 75

What are risk factors for necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 75

(a)Major penetrating trauma (b)Minor laceration or blunt trauma (muscle strain, sprain, or contusion) (c)Skin breach (varicella lesion, insect bite, injection drug use) (d)Recent surgery (e)Mucosal breach (hemorrhoids, rectal fissures, episiotomy) (f)Immunosuppression (g)Malignancy (h)Obesity (i)Alcoholism

Question 76

How does a patient present with necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 76

Pain out of proportion to findings

Question 77

What are complications of necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 77

Toxic shock syndrome, amputation, septic shock, death

Question 78

What is the disposition for a patient with necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 78

MEDEVAC

Question 79

What is the treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

Answer 79

IV antibiotics and surgical debridement

Question 80

What is the difference between a furuncle and carbuncle?

Answer 80

Furuncle is single and carbuncle is multiple

Question 81

What is the treatment difference between furuncle and carbuncle?

Answer 81

IDC treat furuncle while dermatology or general surgery treat carbuncle

Question 82

What is the main stay treatment for an abscess, furuncle or carbuncle?

Answer 82

I&D

Question 83

patient present with epidermal cyst for multiple years that is not inflamed or wheeping what would you do?

Answer 83

Refer to derm

Question 84

What is the condition the predisposes a patient to repeated lipoma?

Answer 84

Gardner’s

Question 85

What do you do for a patient with lipoma?

Answer 85

Refer to derm

Question 86

What is an infection of the nail fold?

Answer 86

Paronychia

Question 87

What are common causes of Paronychia?

Answer 87

Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 88

What is the treatment for paronychia?

Answer 88

I&D but NOT a skin incision. You are NOT cutting the skin. Separate nail from lateral fold.