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Integumentary > Senior Judah review > Flashcards

Senior Judah review Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of human tissue are there?

A

4

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2
Q

What are the four types of human tissue?

A

Nervous, connective, epithelial, muscle

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3
Q

Which tissue has the poorest capacity for renewal?

A

Nervous

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4
Q

Which tissue has the best capacity for renewal?

A

Epithelial

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5
Q

What type of tissue generates force?

A

Muscle

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6
Q

What structures attach cells together and attach them to the basement membrane?

A

Cell junctions

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7
Q

What else are cell junctions used for?

A

Communication between cells

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8
Q

What two categories can epithelial tissue be divided into?

A

Covering and lining epithelium & Glandular epithelium

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9
Q

What are tattoos known as?

A

Lesions

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10
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

Temperature regulation, protection, cutaneous sensation, and excretion/absorption/synth

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11
Q

What are the five signs of inflammation?

A

Localized Hyperthermia (due to increased blood flow)
Erythema (due to dilation of blood vessels)
Localized Edema (due to increased vessels permeability & extravasation of fluid)
Pain (due to chemical mediators like bradykinin)
Loss of function (due to all above)

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12
Q

Is inflammation the same as infection?

A

No

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13
Q

Does infection cause inflammation?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Does inflammation cause infection?

A

No

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15
Q

What are the two types of aging?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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16
Q

What is intrinsic aging?

A

Natural, unpreventable

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17
Q

What is extrinsic aging?

A

Preventable structural & functional changes from environmental factors, lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, drugs), social determinants, cosmetic surgeries

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18
Q

What happens to the skin as we age?

A

Lose collogen, deterioration of wound repair capacity, thinning of skin

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19
Q

The restoration of tissue encompasses what two processes

A

Regeneration and replacement

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20
Q

When does replacement happen?

A

When there is severe damage to skin

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21
Q

What are the phases of healing?

A

Inflammation phase (1-3 days post injury), Proliferative phase (2-10 days post injury), Early Remodeling Phase (2–3 weeks post-injury), Late Remodeling Phase (months to > 1 year)

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22
Q

A laceration that has been sutured is what type of healing?

A

Primary intention

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23
Q

Puncture of the skin that does not get sutured and heals inside to outside is what type of healing?

A

Secondary intention

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24
Q

If asked about occupation, hobbies, diet what is this?

A

Social history

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25
Q

If asked allergens to medications, food, environment what section?

A

Allergies

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26
Q

Deployments, PCS, and travel are what section?

A

Travel

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27
Q

History of sunburn is what?

A

Past medical history

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28
Q

What is atopy?

A

Exaggerated IgE-mediated immune response triggering a histamine response. (Allergic response)

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29
Q

What are examples of atopy?

A

Atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, latex and some food allergies; Anaphylaxis, some cases of angioedema, urticaria

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30
Q

What are the 2 parts of the exam?

A

Inspection and palpation

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31
Q

As an IDC what are the only tools that are needed for the exam?

A

Eyes and hands

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32
Q

How many levels are on the Fitzpatrick Scale?

A

6

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33
Q

What is the darkest level on the Fitzpatrick Scale?

A

6

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34
Q

What is the lightest level on the Fitzpatrick Scale?

A

1

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35
Q

What is a circle with a clearing in the center?

A

Annular (Ring shaped)

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36
Q

What is a circle with a dark center?

A

Targetoid

37
Q

What is a “C” shape or incomplete formation of an annular lesion?

A

Arcuate (arc-shaped)

38
Q

What is dot-like?

A

Punctate

39
Q

What looks like a doughnut and is elevated with a central depression of the surface?

A

Umbilicated

40
Q

A lighter area of skin relative to the rest of the skin is called what?

A

Hypopigmented

41
Q

A darker area of skin relative to the rest of the skin is called what?

A

Hyperpigmented

42
Q

Where are the typical sun exposed areas of the body?

A

Face, arms, legs

43
Q

What area are the extensors?

A

Occurring over the dorsal extremities, (extensor muscles, knees, or elbows)

44
Q

What area are the flexors?

A

Overlying the flexor muscles of the extremities (antecubital & popliteal fossae)

45
Q

What does seborrheic mean?

A

Favoring the hair-bearing locations of the skin; Scalp, eyebrows, beard, central chest, axillae, genitals, nasolabial and postauricular creases.

46
Q

A fluid filled lesion that is <1 cm in size is a what?

A

Vesicle

47
Q

A fluid filled lesion that is >1 cm in size is a what?

A

Pustule

48
Q

The inflammation of a hair follicle that can occur anywhere on the body where hair exists is what?

A

Folliculitis

49
Q

What’s an example of non-infectious causes of foliculitis

A

Skinny jeans

50
Q

What are two common causes of bacterial folliculitis?

A

S. aureus and Streptococcus species, Pseudomonas (contaminated H20 contamination)

51
Q

How do you treat folliculitis?

A

Mupirocin ointment or Cephalexin (Keflex) PO

52
Q

How do you treat folliculitis with MRSA?

A

Bactrim, Clindamycin, Doxycycline

53
Q

How do you treat fungal folliculitis?

A

Ketoconazole

54
Q

. What instruction governs PFB?

A

BUPERINST1000.22C

55
Q

What is a good differential for PFB?

A

Acne

56
Q

What is a complication of PFB?

A

Scarring, hyperpigmentation, keloids

57
Q

Impetigo is an infection of what layer of the skin?

A

Epidermis

58
Q

What are the two types of impetigo?

A

Bullous and nonbullous

59
Q

How does nonbullous impetigo present?

A

Yellow/golden/honeycomb crust

60
Q

How does bullous impetigo present?

A

Brown crust

61
Q

If left untreated, impetigo can develop into what?

A

Ecthyma

62
Q

What common bacteria is associated with impetigo?

A

Staphylococcus aureus alone or combined with group A ß-hemolytic streptococci

63
Q

What are risk factors for impetigo?

A

(1)Warm, humid environment
(2)Tropical or subtropical climate
(3)Summer or fall season
(4)Minor trauma, insect bites, breaches in skin
(5)Poor hygiene, poverty, crowding, epidemics, wartime
(6)Familial spread
(7)Complication of pediculosis, scabies, chickenpox, eczema/atopic dermatitis
(8)Contact dermatitis
(9)Burns
(10)Contact sports
(11)Children in daycare

64
Q

What lab test will you always do for derm?

A

Woods lamp and KOH prep

65
Q

If a patient has impetigo, and is then treated with mupirocin ointment and it does not get better what else can you do?

A

Oral antibiotics

66
Q

What are the five signs of inflammation?

A

Pain, Warmth, loss of function, redness, swelling

67
Q

What is the most common portal of entry for lower leg cellulitis?

A

Tinea Pedis due to fissures

68
Q

Will a patient always present with fever, chills, and malaise with cellulitis?

A

No

69
Q

If a patient reports with a red mark on their arm what is something you should definitely do?

A

Mark the area

70
Q

What is a common differential for lower leg cellulitis?

A

DVT

71
Q

Patient reports that he was stabbed with a nail. Other than treatment what else should be considered for this patient?

A

Tetanus vaccine if >5 years for last dose give booster

72
Q

What is the treatment for a patient that was bitten by a dog?

A

Augmentin

73
Q

What is the treatment for a patient with suspected MRSA?

A

Clindamycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Clindamycin, Doxycycline, Bactrim)

74
Q

No animal bite or no MRSE what is given?

A

Keflex

75
Q

What are risk factors for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

(a)Major penetrating trauma
(b)Minor laceration or blunt trauma (muscle strain, sprain, or contusion)
(c)Skin breach (varicella lesion, insect bite, injection drug use)
(d)Recent surgery
(e)Mucosal breach (hemorrhoids, rectal fissures, episiotomy)
(f)Immunosuppression
(g)Malignancy
(h)Obesity
(i)Alcoholism

76
Q

How does a patient present with necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Pain out of proportion to findings

77
Q

What are complications of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Toxic shock syndrome, amputation, septic shock, death

78
Q

What is the disposition for a patient with necrotizing fasciitis?

A

MEDEVAC

79
Q

What is the treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?

A

IV antibiotics and surgical debridement

80
Q

What is the difference between a furuncle and carbuncle?

A

Furuncle is single and carbuncle is multiple

81
Q

What is the treatment difference between furuncle and carbuncle?

A

IDC treat furuncle while dermatology or general surgery treat carbuncle

82
Q

What is the main stay treatment for an abscess, furuncle or carbuncle?

A

I&D

83
Q

patient present with epidermal cyst for multiple years that is not inflamed or wheeping what would you do?

A

Refer to derm

84
Q

What is the condition the predisposes a patient to repeated lipoma?

A

Gardner’s

85
Q

What do you do for a patient with lipoma?

A

Refer to derm

86
Q

What is an infection of the nail fold?

A

Paronychia

87
Q

What are common causes of Paronychia?

A

Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

88
Q

What is the treatment for paronychia?

A

I&D but NOT a skin incision. You are NOT cutting the skin. Separate nail from lateral fold.

Integumentary (3 decks)

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