Senegalese Emigres

Question 1

What was the centrifugal force that pushed migrants out of Senegal?

a. Drought that endangered peanut production
b. Floods that destroyed cotton production
c. Hurricane that destroyed coastal businesses
d. Civil war

Answer 1

Drought that endangered peanut production

Question 2

To which country did most of the migrants emigrate?

a. Italy
b. US
c. England
d. Australia

Answer 2

Italy

Question 3

Which primary NICT (new information and communication technology) have Senegalese émigrés adopted for use by their families back in their home villages?

a. Television
b. Telephone
c. Computer
d. iPad

Answer 3

Telephone

Question 4

How did the authors study the long-distance relations between émigrés and their families?

a. Amount of telephone landlines constructed
b. Number of cell phones purchased
c. Financial transfers
d. Home-building

Answer 4

Financial transfers

Question 5

In order for émigrés to contact their families once they have left home, they often not only have to purchase their own phone, but the phone for their families and build the electricity and telephone service in their villages.
True/False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

In what way do émigrés and their families use telephones that are at odds with the nature of the technology?

a. Once the telephone(s) reaches the village, it is sold and the money used to buy local supplies
b. The telephone, which is usually a private medium of communication, becomes a communal and very public instrument
c. The telephone is used for educational purposes only
d. The telephone is used for financial transfers only

Answer 6

The telephone, which is usually a private medium of communication, becomes a communal and very public instrument

Question 7

The telephone expands villagers’ circle of interpersonal relations beyond national borders. True/False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

In what area was the increase in telephone lines particularly rapid in Senegal?

a. Kébémer
b. Louga
c. Dakar
d. M’Benguéne

Answer 8

Louga

Question 9

The telephone is an especially good medium of communication between émigrés and their villages because:

a. So many villagers have phones
b. Phones are the cheapest form of communication émigrés can afford
c. Many of the rural languages in Senegal are oral only
d. The Senegalese government provides tax breaks to villagers for telephone use

Answer 9

Many of the rural languages in Senegal are oral only

Question 10

The landline telephone, in contrast to cellular telephones, developed rapidly in Senegal. True/False

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Alizé Khady Diagné

a. It is used as an intermediary for street merchants to contact clients
b. It is used to provide information on family ceremonies
c. It is used as a reception point for domestic calls of all villagers
d. It is used for private conversations and transactions

Answer 11

It is used for private conversations and transactions

Question 12

Except for the ability to connect with the outside world, the village social structure has not changed. True/False

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Any village can be connected to relatives out of the country by cell phone. True/False

Answer 13

False

Question 14

The experiences of Khady Diagné and Sarakh Séne are typical for other villages in central-west Senegal that have experienced emigration. True/False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

As typical in many rural village communities, women are often excluded from using the phone. True/False

Answer 15

False

Question 16

The main reason why people in rural villages prefer cell phones over landline telephones is:

a. lack of telephone lines
b. mobility
c. desire to stand out
d. it is more modern

Answer 16

mobility

Question 17

Villagers get around the lack of electricity for use of television sets by using

a. Hand cranks to generate electricity
b. Direct current
c. Solar energy
d. Wind energy

Answer 17

Solar energy

Question 18

Television programs are reserved primarily for adults. True/False

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What allows émigrés to participate in the social life of their villages even at great distances?

a. cell phone
b. television
c. camcorder
d. webcam

Answer 19

camcorder

Question 20

Use of camcorders allow émigrés to

a. experience family and religious events
b. develop exogamous relationships
c. stay current on local television programs
d. All of the above

Answer 20

All of the above

Question 21

Which of the following media allow émigrés to participate in dialog regarding current events and political issues in their home villages from abroad.

a. camcorders
b. radios
c. television
d. Internet

Answer 21

radios

Question 22

The Internet is the most popular way for émigrés to communicate with their families at home. True/False

Answer 22

False

Question 23

The Internet allows émigrés to develop virtual communities in their host countries. True/False

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Need for émigrés to support their families at home is both constant and continuous. True/False

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Which of the following is a common way émigrés transfer money to their families at home?

a. Western Union
b. Money Gram
c. Merchant credits
d. Kara International
e. All of the above

Answer 25

All of the above

Question 26

“Bipolar” enterprises entail

a. migrants setting up “miniature villages” in their host country
b. an unraveling of community-based investments in the area of origin
c. redirection of expatriate investment toward the cities
d. emergence of business partnerships involving residents of both Senegal and the host countries of Senegalese émigrés.

Answer 26

emergence of business partnerships involving residents of both Senegal and the host countries of Senegalese émigrés.

Question 27

Griots have become the new disseminators of domestic information on family ceremonies and village gatherings. True/False.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

It is more expensive to link villagers in rural areas than in urban areas. True/False

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Access to NICTs:

a. allow émigrés to escape the control of the State
b. strengthens the role of young people and women
c. expands the circle of social relationships
d. All of the above

Answer 29

All of the above

Question 30

Access to information provided by NICTs have reversed the control of the classical elites in the villages, has opened up the villages to opportunities for accumulation, and has tentatively begun a process of democratizing social functions. True/False

Answer 30

True