Semiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is semiotics?

A

Science of signs, of which linguistics is part​

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2
Q

What is a sign?

A

Something that stands for something else

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3
Q

Indexes

A

Indicates some condition or state
e.g. smoke indicates fire -> smoke is an index for fire

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4
Q

Symbols

A

Something that stands for/suggests something else by reason of relationship, association, connection or accidental resemblance
e.g. red representing love/blood

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5
Q

Signal

A

Type of symbol: Sign that is supposed to be followed by an action
e.g. traffic lights

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6
Q

Icon

A

A pattern that physically resembles what it `stands for’.
e.g. photograph, diagram, picture etc.

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7
Q

Language sign

A

Language signs are words, morphemes, phrases, sentences​.
Enable speakers to denote not only concrete but also abstract phenomena​.

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8
Q

Signifiant / Signifier

A

Physical trace of the sound that reflects itself in the human consciousness

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9
Q

Signifé

A

Content of the entity (thing, phenomenon)

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10
Q

Pragmatics

A

Relations between the sign and the language user

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11
Q

Structural

A

Relations between the sign and other signs

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12
Q

Structural syntagmatic relations

A

Signs that are successively related on the horizontal level
e.g. WORDS -> I, am, doing, my, homework -> create SENTENCE “I am doing my homework”

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13
Q

Structural paradigmatic relations

A

Each of the words in the syntagm is related to other words which are replaceable in the same position
e.g. “I am doing my homework” can be replaced by:
I -> You
Am -> Are
Doing -> reading
My -> Your
Homework -> Book

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14
Q

Synonymy

A

Realtion between words of similiar meaning

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15
Q

Paraphrases

A

Two sentences expressing the same proposition
E.g. John had bough the car - the car has been bought by John

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16
Q

Hyponymy

A

Hierarchical relationship of signs
HYPERONYM - hierarchically higher (furniture)
HYPONYM - hierarchically lower (sofa, table, chair…)

17
Q

Antonymy

A

Occurs between words with opposite meaning
e.g. love - hate, die - live

18
Q

Polysemy

A

One word has several meanings

19
Q

Homonymy

A

Words that sound the same but have different meanings
e.g. son - sun, tear - tear

20
Q

Meronymy

A

Lexical item is denoting a part ( roof - meronym) and that denoting the corresponding whole ( house - holonym )