Language classification Flashcards
Areal classification
Languages used by neighbouring communities, although not being genetically related, sometimes influence each other
Genetic classification
Languages that developed from single “parent” language - belong to the same LANGUAGE FAMILY
Typological classification
Based on similarities in LEXICAL, SYNTATIC, PHONOLOGICAL and MORPHOLOGICAL language traits
Typological classification: LEXICAL TYPOLOGY
lexical differences that express meaning of word EXPLICITLY -> EXPLICIT TYPE
those, in which the basic semantic components are expressed by word-formation morphemes -> CONDENSED TYPE
Typological classification: SYNTATIC TYPOLOGY
Characterises language according to their typical sentence patterns.
ENGLISH - SVO type
WELSH - VSO type
Typological classification: PHONOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY
Divides languages into:
CONSONANTIC (consonants prevail)
VOCALIC (vowels prevail)
Typological classification: MORPHOLOGICAL TYPOLOGY
According to classification based on morphological structure:
ANALYTIC (Chinese, English)
SYNTHETIC
-Introflectional
-Agglutinative
-Polysynthetic
Introflectional
Change is made inside a word
e.g. Man -> Men
Agglutinative
Puts individual morphemes together
e.g. Faith-Ful-Ness
Polysynthetic
Complex word forms function as sentences
Agglutination
faith-ful-ness
Individual morphemes are “glued” together
Reduplication
type of polysynthesis where fr example plural can be expressed by duplicating a word
e.g. orang = person, orang-orang = people