SEMINAR CLASS #4 - Week of 4/15/18: "Taxpayers" - FFP – Taxpayers, FFP – PD's (Chap 6 only), SB #84, 85, & 92, TB – Rope #6 Instructor: BC Mike Barvels

Question 1

1) Two firefighters discussing taxpayer features made an incorrect statement when they assured the probationary firefighter that? (Txpyr Glossary)
A) An axial load is a force perpendicular to the supporting member and is straight and true and evenly applied to the bearing structure.
B) An eccentric load is a force perpendicular to the supporting member but does not pass through the center of the mass. The load is not evenly applied to the supporting or bearing member.
C) A lateral load is exerted outwardly on a horizontal plane. This force may take place during a collapse or explosion. Walls are not usually designed to withstand severe lateral loads.
D) A marquee is a supported, roof like covering which projects from a wall as an ornamental feature.

Answer 1

1. D

Marquee- a permanent hood which projects over an entrance to a building and is not
supported by posts or columns.

Question 2

2) Which common description of Taxpayers is listed incorrectly according to FDNY’s
“Firefighting Procedures?” (Txpyr 2.1 -2.2)

A) Supermarkets and one-story shopping centers of more recent construction contain many of the inherent hazards associated with taxpayers and shall be considered “taxpayers.”
B) A taxpayer building is commonly a business structure, one to four stories in height, of Class 6 construction (exterior walls with heavy timber structural members).
C) Taxpayer areas vary from 20’ x 50’ to areas of whole city blocks, the most common size being approximately 100’ x 100’. They can be built on one or more lots with adjoining structures of greater heights on three sides.
D) These buildings are usually single structures commonly sheltering from one to as many as 15 different businesses with weak, non-fire resistant partitions and no fire stops in the cocklofts.

Answer 2

2. B
3. 2 A taxpayer building is commonly taken to mean a business structure one or two stories in height of Class 3 construction (exterior firewalls with wooden interior structural
   members) .

Question 3

3) Which of the following is not indicative of the older type taxpayer built from the turn of the century until the I920’s? (Txpyr 2.3.1)
A) This type is usually one story in height but there are some that have two stories.
B) Decorative metal cornices, through which fire can spread, may be found on the front of some buildings. They are solid members and cannot be removed to provide access to the cockloft area.
C) Some of the older structures have partitions, girders, beams, and columns of wood and may be considered wood frame buildings although most have masonry exteriors.
D) The original ceilings may be tin, or original lath and plaster and wood ceilings could be covered with tin. When renovating these buildings, hanging ceilings are installed which create a plenum area for fire travel.

Answer 3

3. B

2.3.1 The older type built from the turn of the century until the 1920’s. This type is
usually one story in height but there are some that have two stories. Some of the
older structures have partitions, girders, beams, and columns of wood and may be
considered wood frame buildings although most have masonry exteriors. This makes them susceptible to rapid fire involvement. The original ceilings may be tin, nailed directly to the beams or to furring strips. Original lath and plaster and wood ceilings could be covered with tin. When renovating these buildings, hanging ceilings are installed which create a plenum area for fire travel. In this plenum area are installed pipes, wiring, air handling ducts and recessed lighting fixtures. Decorative metal cornices, through which fire can spread, may be found on the front of some buildings. When there is a heavy fire in the front of the building, the supports of these cornices can be weakened and the cornice can fall to the ground unexpectedly. They can be removed to provide access to the cockloft area.

Question 4

4) All of the following are correct regarding taxpayers built from the 1920’s into the 1960’s except? (Txpyr 2.3.2)
A) This is the most prevalent type of taxpayer.
B) They are usually larger in area than the older types and many are one-tenant occupancies, such as supermarkets, bowling alleys, restaurants, factories, etc.
C) Many are two stories in height with various stores on the first floor. The second floor may house large meeting halls, dance halls, restaurants, factories, etc., or the floor may be broken up into small offices and rooms.
D) Cornices, of the facade type, and signs are often attached to the front of the building outside off the brick walls. Removing the cornice or sign in most cases will provide access to the cockloft area.

Answer 4

4. D

2.3.2 The most prevalent type built from the 1920’s into the 1960’s. They are usually
larger in area than the older types and many are one-tenant occupancies, such as
supermarkets, bowling alleys, restaurants, factories, etc. If the area is large, fire walls may have been installed for subdivision of the building. The integrity of these may be questionable because of alterations and openings made in them. The upper termination points of these walls vary. Some end just above or below the ceilings, others at the underside of the roof boards and still others may extend over the roof forming parapet walls. Many are two stories in height with various stores on the first floor. The second floor may house large meeting halls, dancehalls, restaurants, factories, etc., or the floor may be broken up into small offices and rooms. (See Figs. 1 and 2). Egress from the upper floor may be via one or more interior stairways or fire escapes. Cornices, of the facade type, and
signs are often attached to the front of the building outside off the brick walls.
Removing the cornice or sign in most cases will not provide access to the cockloft area.

Question 5

5) Which choice below reflects incorrect information regarding the newer type of taxpayer construction, built since the 1960’s? (Txpyr 2.3.3,3.13.1)
A) These contain the same type of occupancies and the structural features will be similar to the previous types except that the use of combustible construction material has been reduced.
B) In many of these buildings the difference will be the steel bar joists that are used to support the floors and roof in place of wood beams.
C) In the newest type of taxpayers, the floor and roof may be concrete poured on top of metal decking, which is supported by the metal joists.
D) The cellar will remain a major flre fighting factor because, for the most part, first floors are constructed of lightweight wood or flat wood trusses.

Answer 5

5. D

3.13.3 The roof system will remain a major fire fighting factor because, for the most
part, the roofs are constructed of “Bar Joists,” light weight steel or flat wood
trusses. These features, and how they behave under fire conditions, have been
covered under “Truss Roofs,” Section 3.3.3. (See Figs. 5 & 10).

Question 6

6) Mezzanine areas will be found in some taxpayers and their location, area and use will differ. Some are found in the rear of the occupancy or building, some along one side from front to rear or along part of one side, and a few have been erected in the center of the premises. Which of the following is correct regarding mezzanines found in taxpayers? (Txpyr 2.4)

A) The height of the ceilings in the mezzanine and the area below will be above average.
B) The majority of mezzanines will be enclosed by solid plywood or gypsum board.
C) The mezzanine area is, in most cases, used for storage of goods, but it can contain offices (predominant in supermarkets and factories) and also sales areas to which the public will have access.
D) Access to the mezzanine will be via small wooden stairs and another means of access, usually a ladder.

Answer 6

6. C

2.4.6 In the majority of the mezzanines this area will not be enclosed and there will be a
railing at the edge.

Question 7

8) Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding cockloft and roof
construction in taxpayers? (Txpyr 3.2.1-3.3.2)
A) The cockloft is usually a common area extending over all the stores in the structure and will be limited in height from four to six inches.
B) Inverted, raised or reversed roof construction is used to create a pitch to provide drainage. Sometimes an inverted roof is constructed over an existing roof and forms an additional cockloft.
C) There are many types of roofs on taxpayers but the most common is constructed of wood joists covered with either tongue and groove boards or plywood, covered with combustible
waterproofing material which may be several layers thick.
D) The roof joists may be supported at approximately 20-foot intervals, by exterior brick bearing walls, interior load bearing studded partitions, wood or steel girders supported by steel lally columns or wood columns.

Answer 7

8. A

3.2.1 The cockloft is the space above the finished ceiling and the underside of the roof
sheathing. It usually is a common area extending over all the stores in the
structure and can vary in height from four inches to more than six feet. A large
amount of exposed wood, such as roof boards, bridging and wood lath is present.
These factors of wide open area and heavy fire loading result in rapid fire spread.
Fire may enter the cockloft through recesses, voids and ducts.

Question 8

9) Which description of truss roof construction listed below is incorrect? (Txpyr 3.3.3 A, 1, A, B)

A) Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction, have a greater fire resistance rating than bowstring truss roofs and some standard joist roofs.
B) The wooden bowstring truss is found in older commercial structures and has a
characteristic hump-like roof profile. The longer the span, the higher the bow.
C) In older type bowstring truss roof buildings, the trusses may be spaced 10 or 20 feet apart with roof beams installed between the trusses to support the roof coverings.
D) Open web steel joists come in standardized lengths, depths and carrying capacities. They are used to span long distances up to 60 feet.

Answer 8

9. A

A. Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction, have no fire resistance rating. Fire rating depends upon the ceiling finish and finish roofing.

Question 9

10) Buildings with bowstring truss roofs must be entered into the eCIDS program, with what abbreviation as the FD Designation? (Txpyr 3.3.3 K Note)
A) BWSTRF
B) BWST
C) BTR
D) BWSTRG

Answer 9

10. D

Note: Buildings with bowstring truss roofs must be entered into the eCIDS program, with the abbreviation BWSTRG as the FD Designation.

Question 10

11) Bottom chords of many bowstring trusses have inadequate tensile strength to support code-prescribed loads. Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may only support_________
of the load they were originally designed to hold. (Txpyr 3.3.3 B)
A) 90%
B) 50%
C) 40%
D) 60%

Answer 10

11. C

B. When the bowstring truss was originally designed, engineers used certain
assumptions pertaining to tensile strength of wood. But using updated testing
methods those assumptions have proven to be incorrect. The bottom chords of
many bowstring trusses have inadequate tensile strength to support codeprescribed
loads. Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may only support 40% of the load they were originally designed to hold.

Question 11

7) Generally, the only auxiliary fire protection found in taxpayers will be automatic sprinkler systems where they are required by the Code. Which rule for sprinkler protection in taxpayers is
listed incorrectly? (Txpyr 2.5.1)
A) 1938 Code - Area exceeding 10,000 square feet.
B) 1968 Code - Area exceeding 7,500 square feet.
C) 2008 Code - Group M-Mercantile FULL BUILDING - Area exceeding 12,000 square feet
D) 2008 Code - Group M-Mercantile - The combined area on all floors, not including
mezzanines, exceeds 10,000 square feet.

Answer 11

7. D

2.5.1 Generally the only auxiliary fire protection that may be found in these buildings will be automatic sprinkler systems where they are required by the Code. In some cases due to variances, sprinklers may only be found in the cellar areas.
Rules for sprinkler protection:
1938 Code Area exceeding 10,000 square feet.
1968 Code Area exceeding 7,500 square feet.
2008 Code-Group M-Mercantile FULL BUILDING-Area exceeding 12,000
square feet OR the combined area on all
floors including mezzanines exceeds 24,000
square feet. (BC 903.2.6)
Storage of merchandise is in high-piled racks or rack storage arrays (BC 903.2.6.1)
OCCUPANCY WITHIN BUILDING-Area
exceeding 7,500 square feet OR area of any size is located 3 stories above grade OR area of any size is located in a High Rise building
OR area of any size contains an unenclosed stair or escalator connecting two or more
floors. (BC 903.2.6.2)

Question 12

12) Members of a busy Brooklyn Ladder Company were discussing the dangers of bowstring truss roofs and were correct in all statements except one. Indicate the incorrect statement.
(Txpyr 3.3.3 C-H,J)
A) A common bowstring truss design flaw involves snow loads. Snow that drifts due to the wind can be significantly deeper in one area, particularly behind raised parapet walls. This eccentric (off-center), unbalanced, concentrated load can create an overload on the trusses.
B) Bowstring truss roof overload can occur due to later additions of loads that were not considered in the original design.
C) In older bowstring truss roof buildings, there is a possibility of rotting at the ends of the trusses where they rest on the walls, due to water leaking through the roof covering.
D) Failure of one truss element will usually not cause failure of the entire truss. Only when a number of trusses are affected can a domino effect cause a large portion of the roof to collapse.

Answer 12

12. D

H. Failure of one truss element can cause a failure of the entire truss. This in turn may pull down a number of trusses, in a domino effect which will cause the entire roof, or a large portion, to collapse. Failure can occur in the early stages of the fire.

Question 13

13) Unprotected open web steel joists are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures of a
fire and may collapse after only? (Txpyr 3.3.3 D)
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 or 2 hours
C) 5 or 10 minutes
D) 2 or 3 minutes

Answer 13

D. Unprotected open web steel joists are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures of a fire and may collapse after only 5 or 10 minutes.

Question 14

14) “I” beams protruding above the roof surface, or roofs built in step fashion with one store roof slightly higher than another, sometimes give the false impression of fire division walls. Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding this taxpayer roof feature?
(Txpyr 3.3.4 A)
A) The side walls of such protrusions are made of wood sheathing and are easily detected by striking them with a tool to differentiate them from a masonry wall.
B) These side walls can be opened for inspection.
C) These side walls cannot be opened for stream operation.
D) A good working knowledge of these features will allow members on roofs to determine the size and shape of the fire building for the information of operating forces on the first floor.

Answer 14

14. C

A. “I” beams protruding above the roof surface or roofs built in step fashion
with one store roof slightly higher than another sometimes give the false
impression of fire division walls. The side walls of such protrusions are made of wood sheathing and are easily detected by striking them with a tool to differentiate them from a masonry wall. They can be opened for
inspection or stream operation. A good working knowledge of these features will allow members on roofs to determine the size and shape of the fire building for the information of operating forces on the first floor.

Question 15

15) Many types of walls may be found supporting taxpayers. Which choice below gives an incorrect description of taxpayer walls? (Txpyr 3,4.2,3.4.4)
A) Interior partition walls between stores are usually of wood stud construction, with plaster or sheet rock covering, and are usually fire stopped at the floor and the ceiling by wood sills and plates.
B) The stability of masonry walls is very much dependent on the integrity of the roof. The roof acts as a monolithic brace which ties the walls together, providing lateral support.
C) Concrete block walls sometimes hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat.
D) Brick walls usually remain intact and fall out flat, usually a distance equal to the height of the wall.

Answer 15

15. D

Brick walls usually crumble or break as they fall, but large sections can be projected a good distance due to the impact as the wall
hits the ground.

Question 16

16) Of the following, which statement made by a Chief Officer during multi-unit-drill was
incorrect in its description of parapet wall dangers in taxpayer structures? (Txpyr 3.4.3)
A) A particularly hazardous condition is the possibility of front parapet wall collapse (e.g., any parapet wall facing a street; a corner building facing one, two or three streets). This parapet wall is often unsupported laterally for a long distance, receiving its support only at the ends where they tie into crosswalls.
B) An uncontrolled fire in a remote portion of a taxpayer or in the cockloft may be heating “I” beams supporting the parapet wall, and causing their expansion and steadily pushing the parapet outward.
C) Stability of masonry walls depends on the load being concentrated in a vertical direction through the wall. Any degree of tilting which causes this load to be eccentric to the vertical may cause collapse
D) Operations within stores or in front of stores may have to be discontinued because of the condition of the parapet wall. Long sections of parapet walls almost always break apart into smaller sections as they collapse.

Answer 16

16. E.

A long section of this wall often remains intact as the wall topples onto the
sidewalk. Members have been killed or injured by such wall collapses.

Question 17

17) Which common construction feature of taxpayers is incorrectly described below?
(Txpyr 3.5.1, 3.6.1, 3.6.2)
A) A large, heavy “1” beam will be able to absorb more heat but its temperature will rise more rapidly than a lightweight beam.
B) “1” beams are often built into side or rear masonry walls, or butt the front parapet wall, where they are supported by masonry piers or iron columns at the storefronts.
C) If heated “1” beams are restrained from expanding (unlikely at roof level in taxpayers), they will buckle. Sometimes an “I” beam will push out a small section of bricks and allow fire to extend to exposures.
D) Marquees are required by the building code to have drainage facilities but many have been found to have roof type gutters and down spouts blocked with debris, rubbish and rubber balls.

Answer 17

17. A

A large, heavy “I” beam will be able to
absorb more heat and its temperature will rise more slowly than a lightweight
beam.

Question 18

19) Ceilings and floors of taxpayers offer their own unique designs and dangers. Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding these features? (Txpyr 3.8.1, 3.8.3, 3.9.1,3.9.3)
A) When pulling sheet rock ceilings, large pieces often “hinge” at one side as they swing down and can inflict injury if they come down edge first.
B) Special care must be exercised when ceilings are constructed of heavy wire lath and plaster or tin, as these ceilings often fail and fall in one piece over the entire area of a store.
C) Paneling under display windows at street fronts can always be removed to offer ventilation and stream operation points for cellar fires. The flooring under the raised display platform will always be omitted behind these panels, offering easy access for streams.
D) Flooring can vary in taxpayers. The most common type floors are tongue and groove boards or plywood, supported by wood floor joists.

Answer 18

19. C

3.9.3 Paneling under display windows at street fronts can sometimes be removed to
offer ventilation and stream operation points for cellar fires. The flooring under the raised display platform is sometimes omitted behind these panels.

Question 19

20) It is 0304 hours on Saturday and you are the Lieutenant in charge of the first arriving Ladder Company at a cellar fire in a 1-story commercial building. After reviewing your options to deal successfully with this fire, you would be correct to follow the instructions and procedures in all choices below except? (Txpyr 3.10.2,3.10.3 B, 3.11.1)
A) The weight that is added to the front walls by metal overhead rolling security doors, especially when these doors are in the closed position, can cause the lintel over the store front to fail and the wall and door assembly may fall during a fire
B) Outside cellar stairs are usually found in the rear of taxpayers. When there are several stores in the building, these stairs may lead to a passageway along the rear cellar wall from which access can be gained to the various storage areas.
C) Cellar ceilings are required to be fire-retarded but the plaster covering may be deficient.
D) Partition walls between cellars are usually of combustible or flimsy construction and joist channels at cellar ceilings are often not fire stopped allowing fire, combustible gas and smoke
extension from cellar to cellar.

Answer 19

20. A

The weight that is added to the front walls, especially when these doors are in the open
position, can cause the lintel over the store front to fail and the wall and door assembly may fall during a fire.

Question 20

21) You would be most correct to know that, according to FFP Taxpayer Fires, one warning sign that may signal a potential structural collapse during firefighting operations is a heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for? (Txpyr 4.2.5 A, J)
A) 20 minutes or more, particularly in a large open floor area.
B) 15 minutes or more, particularly in a large open floor area.
C) 20 minutes or more, particularly in a small, confined floor area
D) 15 minutes or more, particularly in a small, confined floor area.

Answer 20

21. A

4.2.5 Some of the warning signs that will signal a potential structural collapse during
firefighting operations are:
A. Heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 minutes
or more, particularly in a large open floor area.

Question 21

22) A knowledgeable company officer alert to the warning signs of backdraft would be most correct to know that a room or fire area requires only \_\_\_\_\_ percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode. (Txpyr 4.4.1 F)
A) 5%
B) 30%
C) 25%
D) 90%

Answer 21

22. C

F. It must be remembered that in a high heat condition, combustible gases and highly heated contents are now present in the structure. All that is missing is a source of air or oxygen to create an explosive fire. A room or fire area requires only 25 percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode. The entire area could explode when firefighters enter to search and allow fresh air to enter with them.

Question 22

23) Two company officers were discussing FDNY operations in structures where backdraft is possible. One made an incorrect statement in which choice? (Txpyr 4.4.1 K-N)
A) When conditions are favorable for a backdraft, the proper procedure is to open the roof or area directly over the fire to allow hot gases to move upward through the opening away from the fire.
B) Even if a backdraft occurs after the roof has been vented, the explosion will be diverted upward, out of the roof opening, and away from the firefighters advancing the hoseline.
C) If horizontal ventilation is performed at lower levels prior to roof venting, the chances of a backdraft explosion are greatly increased. There will be a momentary out-rush of smoke
followed almost immediately by an in-rush of fresh air. This reversal could be accompanied by a peculiar roar or whistle of great force.
D) An alternative to roof venting, and just as effective, is the use of a hose stream. Before entering a room or area that exhibits signs of an explosive atmosphere, a charged hoseline should be positioned near the entrance with firefighters crouched low. The hoseline should be
discharged into the fire area a few seconds after the fire area is opened up.

Answer 22

23. D

N. An alternative to roof venting although not as effective, is the use of a hose stream. Before entering a room or area that exhibits signs of an explosive atmosphere, a charged hoseline should be positioned near the
entrance. Initially, firefighters should be protected by taking a flanking position or by the reach of the hose stream. The hoseline should be immediately discharged into the fire area when the fire area is opened-up.
Taking this action before firefighters and outside air enter a burning, confined, potentially explosive fire area, may allow the water stream to break up the explosive atmosphere. The water can cool a potentially
explosive atmosphere.

Question 23

18) Columns in taxpayers can be made from wood, cast iron, lally columns (steel or cast iron) or masonry piers which support the beams. Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on average, in about fire endurance tests. (Txpyr 3.7.1)
A) 1 hour
B) 30 minutes
C) 5 to 10 minutes
D) 2 to 3 hours

Answer 23

18. B

3.7.1 Columns in taxpayers can be made from wood, cast iron, lally columns (steel or
cast iron) or masonry piers which support the beams. Cast iron columns are unpredictable and fail, on the average, in about thirty (30) minutes in fire endurance tests. Some columns fail sooner than cast iron columns. The failure of a column is generally more serious than the failure of a girder or beam. The failure of a column in the cellar can cause the subsequent collapse of the floors and roof. Coating or spraying the columns with fire proofing material on new type construction is often a haphazard process, because of shoddy workmanship and on-the-job alterations made after application.

Question 24

24) Which Engine Company tactic is not in accordance with FDNY procedures for taxpayer cellar fires? (Txpyr 4.7.2, 4.7.3, 4.7.7, 5.3.2)
A) When advancing a hoseline down into the cellar, it is advisable to post a lookout at the top of a cellar stair or outside the cellar entrance to observe conditions.
B) In large areas or cellars, it is advisable to have a backup or protection line in place in case heat builds up and fire breaks out behind the advancing hoseline.
C) Engine members shall stay extremely close to each other while advancing the hoseline to avoid any one single member getting lost.
D) In the cellar, the floor joists have the ceiling attached directly to the bottom of the joists, or furring strips are attached at right angles to the joists, and the ceiling attached to the furring. A fire originating in the cellar has a strong probability of entering the bays between the joists and if
this occurs, the fire will travel the length of the joists.

Answer 24

24. C

4.7.7 Do not “bunch up”. Spread out along a line to lessen floor loads in a central area
and limit the injury potential in the event the structure fails.

Question 25

25) Captain Smith was training her members on roof operations in taxpayer structures. After a discussion on inverted roofs, she corrected one member who made an incorrect comment. Which
choice below is incorrect? (Txpyr 5.3.3 A-D)
A) The inverted roof may be pitched from front to rear, front and rear to center, or from front, rear, and sides to center. In most cases the high portion of the cockloft is at the front of the building.
B) If fire enters the cockloft at the high point or front of the building, the fire problem is more severe than if it has entered into the cockloft at the rear.
C) Since most taxpayer fires originate in the rear of the first floor where utilities, storage, and services are located, this is the area from which the fire usually extends to the cockloft.
D) The standard (flat) roof may have little or no pitch. If it is pitched, it will be from the front
to the rear.

Answer 25

25. B

B. If fire enters the cockloft at the high point or front of the building, our fire problem is less severe than if it has entered into the cockloft at the rear. The reason is that fire does not burn quickly from a high point to a lower area.

Question 26

26) The roof cut for vertical ventilation at a taxpayer fire must be large enough to cause the bulk of the heat, smoke and gases to vent in that direction and away from the advancing hoseline. An insufficient vent opening will cause the heat, smoke and fire to "back up" and vent toward other available flow path openings, including the entrance opening used by the advancing hoseline. Where possible, what size hole is recommended at these fires? (Txpyr 5.4.6, 5.5.17)
A) 8'X 8'
B) 4'X 4'
C) 2'X 3'
D) 3'X 6'

Answer 26

26. A
27. 4.6 The roof cut for vertical ventilation must be large enough to cause the bulk of the heat, smoke and gases being produced by the fire to vent in that direction and away from the advancing hose line. An insufficient vent opening will cause the heat, smoke and fire to “back up” and vent toward other available flow path openings, including the entrance opening used by the advancing hoseline. A hole eight feet by eight feet, where possible, is recommended. Methods for cutting and cuts are discussed under section 5.5.

Question 27

27) Proper ventilation is a major component of effective taxpayer operations. Which of the following contains correct information regarding ventilation at these fires? (Txpyr 5.4.8, 5.4.12, 5.4.16, 5.5.22)
A) If difficulty is encountered in opening the returns of scuttles or skylight openings, it may be quicker and more practical to make examination holes for ventilation around the openings.
B) If trenching is to be implemented, remove the returns of skylights to ensure an effective trenching boundary.
C) Engine companies should be aware of the use of the fog patterns on the FT-2 tip to relieve an area of smoke and heat. Remember to adjust the fog pattern to the width of the opening and stand back one to two feet while operating.
D) At cellar fires, it is often necessary to cut the first floor to provide ventilation or for getting water on the fire with bent tips, distributors or cellar pipes. The cut should be made as near to doorways and aisles as possible. When possible, such cuts should be covered by hoselines.

Answer 27

27. A

5.4.8 If difficulty is encountered in opening the returns of scuttles or skylight openings,
it may be quicker and more practical to make examination holes for ventilation around the openings. If trenching is to be implemented, leave the returns in place where the skylights are to be used as an effective trenching boundary.

5.4.16 Engine companies should be aware of the use of the fog patterns on the FT-2 tip
to relieve an area of smoke and heat. Engine Companies must remember to adjust the fog pattern to the width of the opening and stand back four to five feet while operating.

5.5.22 At cellar fires, it is often necessary to cut the first floor to provide the necessary
means of ventilation, so that the engine companies may advance their lines for
extinguishment. The cut also may be used for getting water on the fire with bent
tips, distributors or cellar pipes. The cut should be made as near to the windows
as possible and away from doorways and aisles. When the run of the floor joists
has been established, the cut should be extended at right angles to the joists. This
provides additional cellar ventilation, maximum ventilation of the bays between
joists and access points for streams. The size, location and number of cuts depend
on the obstructions encountered, location and extent of the fire and the area of the
occupancy. Additional cuts in adjacent stores should be made as required. All
such cuts should be covered by hoselines.

Question 28

28) The junior member of Engine 100 made an incorrect statement when discussing bowstring truss roof operations with his officer. Indicate the incorrect statement. (Txpyr 5.5.25 B, C, F)

A) Under no circumstances shall any member operate on the roof of any building involved in a structural fire with a bowstring truss design. However, it is permissible to operate on the roof if
fire involves only the contents.
B) At vacant buildings with bowstring truss roof construction, exterior operations should be the primary tactical consideration.
C) At large and/or advanced fires, or where the timber trusses or the underside of the roof are involved in fire, exterior operations should be the primary tactical consideration.
D) When fire is found to involve the truss space, exterior operations should be the primary tactical consideration.

Answer 28

28. B

Note: Under no circumstances shall any member operate on the roof of any building involved in a content or structural fire with a wooden, metal or combination bowstring truss design.

Question 29

29) In buildings with ceilings, the bowstring trusses are found in the attic area above. This can be extremely dangerous as interior operating forces at an apparent small, localized fire may be unaware of fire involvement in the trusses above them. Which of the following tactics would be
incorrect in this case? (Txpyr 5.5.25 D, E)

A) Members shall use the thermal imaging camera from below to assess if fire has involved the truss space.
B) Another method to determine if fire has entered the truss space is to make a triangular cut in the sloping hip section in the front and/or rear of the roof from the safety of a tower ladder bucket. Collapse zones must be adhered to during this operation.
C) If possible, an exterior hose stream from a tower ladder may be directed into roof cuts in the front and/or rear of the roof to extinguish fire.
D) Units are reminded of the collapse potential of these types of roof systems, with particular attention being paid to the side walls (exposures 2 and 4).

Answer 29

29. D

E. Units are reminded of the collapse potential of these type roof systems, with particular attention being paid to the front and rear walls. This is due to the hip rafters being pushed in a down and outward fashion when the main roof collapses.

Question 30

30) Newer taxpayers have roof supports of lightweight open web steel joists. Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding this type of roof system? (Txpyr 5.5.26 A-F).

A) Joists are spaced greater distances apart than standard wood joists. Spacing will vary depending on the strength of the joists and the type of roof decking used.

B) The most common decking is corrugated steel. With this type decking, the joists are spaced from four to six feet.

C) Steel rib straight trusses do not present the same problems for fire spread as does wood joist construction. The danger is their being weakened by heat and fire from the contents of the occupancy.

D) Members shall not be allowed to operate on roofs of fire buildings with this type of roof support system.

Answer 30

30. D

F. Vertical ventilation should be limited to removal of skylights and scuttle covers if present.

Question 31

31) All of the following are correct in describing gypsum concrete decking except?
(Txpyr 5.5.26 H)
A) It is of lightweight construction, spans wide spaces and is vulnerable to moisture and these characteristics are conducive to early collapse under fire conditions.
B) Members shall not be committed to roof operations when gypsum concrete decking is present on the roof.
C) Interior operations shall not be conducted due to the weight of such decking materials. Exterior operations are mandatory.
D) The presence of a gypsum roof deck will be indicated by a white powdery residue during saw operations. Upon this observation, members should immediately notify the Roof Sector Supervisor and IC and evacuate the roof.

Answer 31

31. B

H. Gypsum concrete decking is of lightweight construction, spans wide spaces and is vulnerable to moisture. These characteristics are conducive to early collapse under fire conditions. Therefore, members shall not be
committed to roof operations. Interior operations shall be conducted from areas of safety due to the weight of such decking materials (17.5 lbs. per sq. ft.). The presence of a gypsum roof deck will be indicated by a white powdery residue during saw operations. Upon this observation, members
should immediately notify the Roof Sector Supervisor and IC and evacuate the roof.

Question 32

32) Two members of Ladder 100 were discussing trenching operations at taxpayer fires. Which comment made during this discussion was incorrect? (Txpyr 5.6.1-5.6.3, 5.6.6)
A) A trench cut is an opening made the full distance between two exterior walls or other fire stops. Take advantage of shafts, chimneys, bulkheads, scuttles, etc. to reduce the amount of cutting for the trench.
B) The width of the trench should be at least three feet wide and may be made in any direction.
C) Trenching does not take the place of ventilation holes but may serve as an additional ventilation source. Its main purpose is to prevent the fire from passing the point at which the cut is made.
D) A trench cut in a large roof area is most effective at a taxpayer fire when fire has seriously involved a major portion of the cockloft.

Answer 32

32. C

5.6.3 It is not practical to trench a large roof area of a taxpayer where fire has seriously
involved a major portion of the cockloft. Emphasis must be placed on ventilation
holes.

Question 33

33) During multi-unit-drill where units previously battled a recent, one-story commercial building fire, Probationary Firefighter Green made a number of comments, one of which was incorrect. Indicate the incorrect comment. (Txpyr 5.7.6-5.7.8,6.2)

A) The fire that causes the most problems and losses, and requires the heaviest commitment of resources and time, occurs during workday hours when structures are occupied.
B) Tower ladder streams are the most effective, versatile and mobile large caliber streams and a properly positioned tower ladder can cover a building with a frontage of 100 feet.
C) Ladder companies should position sufficient portable ladders to the roof of one story taxpayers. All sides of the building should be covered.
D) A minimum of two portable ladders shall be placed on the front of the buildings to provide alternate means of egress from the roof and indicate the boundaries of the fire building or the location of division walls within the boundaries of the fire.

Answer 33

33. A

6.2 A review of taxpayer fires in the management review program reveals that the fire that causes the most problems and losses, and requires the heaviest commitment of resources and time, occurs after these occupancies are closed.
6.2.1 At these times the fire may have reached an advanced stage and involved a good portion of the structure before the alarm has been transmitted.
6.2.2 The possibility of a backdraft is great if the fire has not vented itself.
6.2.3 When roof ventilation is effected and there is a delay in placing water on the fire
it intensifies and invariably involves other stores, mainly via the cockloft.

Question 34

34) All of the following choices contain correct information regarding Engine Company tactics at a taxpayer fire except? (Txpyr 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.6)

A) When heavy or medium fire conditions are encountered, the initial lines should be 2-1/2
inch. These lines can later be used to supply distributors, cellar pipes and heavy stream appliances.
B) If the striking power and the water capability of 2-1/2 inch hoselines are not required during the initial attack on a medium or light fire condition, the use of 1-3/4 inch lines is acceptable.
C) When compatible with fire conditions, 1-3/4 inch lines may be used in exposures.
D) If difficulty is encountered in gaining entrance to a taxpayer fire, a small hole made in the security doors and removal of the window may provide an opening for hose stream operations.

Answer 34

34. B

If the striking power and the water capability of 2-1/2
inch hoselines are not required, after the initial attack, they can be reduced to 1-3/4 inch lines for subsequent operations.

Question 35

36) At a cellar fire, store fire or cockloft fire in a taxpayer which is protected by a sprinkler system, which unit shall ensure the sprinkler system is supplied? (Txpyr 7.2.3 C, 7.3.5 A, B)
A) First Engine
B) Second Engine
C) Third Engine
D) First Ladder

Answer 35

36. C

C. Third engine company: - Ensure sprinkler system is supplied. When second engine is assisting with first line, stretch a second line which may be used as in section B, subsections 1 through 4 above.

Question 36

37) As the officer of the first arriving Engine Company at a taxpayer fire where fire has control of the cock loft and the need for exposure protection is critical, you should know all of the following actions to be correct except in which choice? (Txpyr 7.3.5 B)

A) The first Engine shall position the engine to utilize the deck pipe. In-line pumping will give good positioning and allow room for placement of a tower ladder.

B) After positioning the apparatus, if exposures present an immediate problem, the first Engine shall stretch a hand line into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building, depending on life hazard and the location and severity of the fire.

C) When exposures are not an immediate problem, the first line should be stretched into the most seriously exposed occupancy/building and stand fast, pending the arrival of truck companies with hooks.

D) The second engine should assist with the placement of the initial line. When staffing and conditions permit, they can stretch a line into another seriously exposed building/occupancy and
operate into the cock loft to confine and extinguish the fire. It may be advisable to skip stores in order to confine a cock loft fire.

Answer 36

37. C
38. When exposures are not an immediate problem, then the first line should be stretched into the store under the main body of fire and operated to extinguish the fire.

Question 37

38) Members of a busy Manhattan truck were correct in many comments made while discussing taxpayer operations. Which one comment made was incorrect? (Txpyr
8.1.16, 8.1.17, 8.1.19, 8.1.20)
A) When forcing security gates and street doors, it may be preferable to continue down the row of stores, opening all that may reasonably be expected to be necessary. When forces on hand
are limited, it may be necessary to skip a few doors initially to more quickly determine fire extension.
B) The demands for ladder company services at taxpayer fires are many. Engine companies may be pressed into service to perform truck work such as forcing a door, feeling partitions for heat and opening ceilings to get water into the cockloff ahead of a traveling fire.
C) Aerial ladders should be positioned in front of the building in preference to tower ladders.
D) The basket of a tower ladder can be positioned a foot or two above the street level and the tower ladder stream directed into the store or stores. This allows a heavy stream to be moved into position quickly which can be readily moved from store to store.

Answer 37

38. C
39. 1.19 Tower ladders should be positioned in front of the building in preference to conventional aerials. Heavy stream appliance is now in position if needed for the fire building or to protect exposures.

Question 38

39) The Battalion Commander pays a visit to your unit’s quarters for company drill to discuss a recent fire in the cellar of a taxpayer where operations were superb. Due to the actions of FDNY members, the fire was confined to the cellar and quickly extinguished. Which was a correct tactic
used at this fire? (Txpyr 8.2.1 H, I, K, 8.2.2 B2b)

A) Since it was not practical to open up directly over the main area of fire involvement, members cut holes in the floor near windows and under skylights.
B) The cutting of floors occurred while the first hoseline was being stretched to ensure proper ventilation and less punishing conditions on members advancing the line.
C) Smoke ejectors were placed in the opening through which the line was advancing to increase positive pressure ventilation.
D) The first arriving Roof Firefighter brought the portable power saw to the roof as part of his required complement of tools.

Answer 38

39. A

H. The practice of opening up directly over the main area of involvement may not always be practical for cellar fires. Conditions may require cutting holes in the floor near windows or under skylights.

I. Floors should not be cut until a hoseline is in position to protect personnel and prevent fire extension.

K. Smoke ejectors can be placed over holes cut in floors or hung in openings
remote from the entrance through which the line is advancing.

B. Second ladder company to arrive

2. Roof Firefighter
   b. Bring saw to the roof if not required elsewhere and roof requires further opening.

Question 39

40) A fire originating on the second floor of a two-story taxpayer may be treated as a fire originating on the first floor of a one-story taxpayer. Added emphasis must be given to each of the following except? (Txpyr 9.2.1,9.2.3,9.2.4,9.2.5)

A) The need for a portable ladder to the roof for ventilation.
B) In a second floor occupancy with large unobstructed areas, such as a dance hall or meeting hall, the ceiling beams span greater distances, the cocklofts may be deeper and the ceilings may be higher. This will require using proper size hooks, ten foot or longer, more time and work and
additional staffing to open these ceilings.
C) If the second floor is divided into multi-occupancy use, the penetration of heavy caliber streams will be limited due to partitions subdividing the floor area.
D) The probability of a fire extending into the cockloft is greater.

Answer 39

40. A

9. 2.1 The need for an aerial ladder to the roof for ventilation.

Question 40

41) In buildings equipped with window bars, the delivery of adequate water is still of primary importance. Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding Engine operations at these fires? (SB 84 4.3,4.4,4.5,4.10)
A) Engine Company operations should ensure placement of the first line into operation.
B) The Engine Company operating the first line must employ an aggressive interior attack to control the fire and protect the interior stairs.
C) The second line stretched should back up the first line. If not needed, it shall then go to the floor above.
D) The special called Engine shall provide an exterior hose line to protect civilians or members trapped inside a building behind window bars or members removing window bars. Never utilize an Engine already on scene for this duty.

Answer 40

41 D

4.10 An engine on the scene or a special called engine could provide an exterior hose line to protect civilians or members trapped inside a building behind window bars or members
removing window bars.

Question 41

42) If possible, room at the front of a fire building equipped with window bars should be made available to position a Tower Ladder. Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding Tower Ladder and rescue operations at these fires? (SB 84 4.6 - 4.9)
A) The Tower Ladder basket, placed to an upper floor front or side window, presents the best platform to work from.
B) When special called, this Ladder Company can be directed to operate as a unit and remove window bars.
C) The unit assigned to remove window bars shall ensure at least two windows on the fire floor and all floors above are cleared of bars, and the location of windows cleared communicated
to all units.
D) When trapped occupants are discovered, their exact location should be immediately communicated. Both interior and exterior rescue operations can then be concentrated in that direction.

Answer 41

42. C

4.8 The unit assigned to remove the window bars should ensure at least one window on the fire floor and the floor above is cleared of bars, with a portable ladder, aerial ladder or
tower ladder placed to the window. The location of windows that have been cleared
should be communicated to all units.

Question 42

43) Gypsum plank and concrete decking is of lightweight construction which spans large, wide spaces. What is the main drawback, from a firefighting operational standpoint, of this type of construction? (SB 85 3.1)
A) Its inability to restrict the passage of fire.
B) It is extremely vulnerable to moisture, causing a deterioration of the system.
C) The noxious, toxic smoke caused when gypsum burns.
D) Difficulty in cutting gypsum with a power saw.

Answer 42

43. B

Question 43

44) Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding “gypsum plank” roof
decking? (SB 85 2.1) O
A) Gypsum planks are normally 2 inches thick, 2 feet wide, 8 feet long and are factory laminated of two gypsum panels, although they may come in other sizes.
B) Each plank weighs approximately 17.5 lbs. Weights vary with the dimensions of the plank.
C) Sub-purlins (lightweight steel) are welded at right angles to the steel bar joists and gypsum planks are then installed and placed on sub-purlin flanges. Cross tees support the end joints of the planks and grout is poured into voids between the plank edges and sub-purlins.
D) After gypsum roof decking sets, it is then covered with a water-tight roofing material.

Answer 43

44. A

2.1.1 Gypsum planks are normally 2 inches thick, 2 feet wide and 8 feet long and are
factory-laminated of two gypsum panels. Each plank weighs approximately 135 lbs.
Note: Gypsum planks also come in other sizes. Weights vary with the
dimensions of the plank.

2.2.1 Gypsum concrete is mill formulated and composed of calcined gypsum and wood
chips or shavings. It is usually poured to a 2 inch thickness and weighs approximately 17.5 lbs. per square foot.

Question 44

45) Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding “gypsum concrete” roof decking? (SB 85 2.2)
A) Gypsum concrete is mill formulated and composed of calcined gypsum and wood chips or shavings. It is usually poured to a 2” thickness and weighs approximately 135 lbs. per square foot.
B) Sub-purlins are spaced approximately 32 inches on center and are welded at right angles to the top chord of the open web bar joist.
C) Form boards are laid on the flanges of the sub-purlins and provide a functional underside of the roof deck.
D) Reinforcing wire mesh is placed over the form boards at right angles to the sub-purlins and gypsum concrete is poured over this assembly to a thickness of about 2”. After setting, a watertight roofing material is applied to cover the deck.

Answer 44

45. A

2.1.1 Gypsum planks are normally 2 inches thick, 2 feet wide and 8 feet long and are
factory-laminated of two gypsum panels. Each plank weighs approximately 135 lbs.
Note: Gypsum planks also come in other sizes. Weights vary with the dimensions of the plank.

Question 45

46) At fire operations it is important for members to communicate the presence of a clutter condition when it may impact operations. The severity of clutter may be communicated by using each of the following terms except? (SB 92 2.2,2.3)
A) "Light Clutter"
B) "Medium Clutter"
C) "Normal Clutter"
D) "Heavy Clutter"

Answer 45

46. C

2.3 The term “Clutter” shall be used to describe an accumulation of material which may impact operations. The severity of the clutter shall be communicated by using one of the following:
 “Light Clutter”
 “Medium Clutter”
 “Heavy Clutter”
Note: The term “Collyer’s Mansion” shall no longer be used.

Question 46

47) Which of the following is an inaccurate description of the search rope?
(TB Rope 6 2.1-2.3)

A) It is made of either 5/16th inch diameter white nylon or a 7.5 mm diameter Kernmantle design.
B) It is 200 feet long with a snap hook at each end. Newly issued kernmantle ropes have a double-action snap hook at the working end and a snap hook that secures the rope to the bag.
C) The rope is packed in a yellow carrying bag marked with the company number. Each search rope will have a company l.D. tag attached to the rope and another to the bag.
D) Kernmantle search ropes shrink over time due to many reasons, with moisture and temperature being the most common. Kernmantle search ropes may be short by 15 feet or more.

Answer 46

47. D

Note: Nylon search ropes shrink over time due to many reasons, with moisture and
temperature being the most common. Due to this shrinkage and the installation of
distance and directional knots, nylon search ropes may be short by 25 feet or more.

Question 47

48) Two company officers discussing the details of the search rope made an incorrect statement in which choice? (TB Rope 6 3.2-3.4)
A) The intervals of the distance knots are 25 feet apart.
B) Spacing between the distance knots is approximately 8 inches.
C) A single direction knot is located 18 inches before the distance knots when traveling in the direction of deployment,
D) The direction knot will always be closer to the tie off or exit.

Answer 47

48. B

3. 4 Spacing between the distance knots is approximately six inches.

Question 48

49) While conducting a search in a gymnasium with a heavy smoke condition, you become disoriented and grasp the part of the kernmantle search rope with five knots. At this point, with the search rope deployed in a straight line, you can estimate you are how far along the search
rope? (TB Rope 6 3.3)
A) 25 feet
B) 100 feet
C) 125 feet
D) 150 feet

Answer 48

49. C
50. 3 A single knot is tied at 25 feet, two knots tied at 50 feet, three knots at 75 feet, four knots at 100 feet, five knots for 125 feet, six knots for 150 feet and the last set of seven knots for 175 feet.

Question 49

50) When operating with the search rope, each choice is in accordance with FDNY procedures except? (TB Rope 6 5.5-5.6)
A) The officer controlling the search pays out the rope while keeping it taut, maintaining a handhold on the rope at all times.
B) The rope should be tied off at intervals to help keep it taut and off the floor.
C) The rope shall be maintained approximately one to two inches above ground.
D) When changing direction or grade, the rope shall be tied off.

Answer 49

50. C
51. 6 The rope should be tied off at intervals to help keep it taut and off the floor. The rope shall be maintained approximately one to two FEET above ground. This will keep it out of water and make the rope easier to find. When changing direction or grade, the rope shall be tied off. This allows the member to traverse the same ground when exiting.

Question 50

51) A company commander instructing members on search rope operations was incorrect in which statement? (TB Rope 6 5.7-5.10)
A) Voice contact shall be maintained with all search team members.
B) If more than 200 feet of rope is needed, attach the snap hook of a second length of rope to the snap hook of the first length.
C) If a team’s search is interrupted (e.g., low air, victim removal), tie off the line and leave the bag with the remainder of the rope. Another unit can continue the search using this rope.
D) If a team’s search is interrupted and there is nothing to tie off to, simply drop the bag in place and notify the Incident Commander.

Answer 50

51. D

5. 10 If there is nothing to tie off to, take a few wraps around the bag with the rope and leave in place.

Question 51

52) When a search rope is deployed the officer must decide if members will conduct searches off of the rope (out of contact with the search rope). Factors in this decision include all of the following except? (TB Rope 6 6.3)
A) The size and configuration of the area to be searched.
B) The experience level of the search team.
C) The heat/smoke conditions.
D) The ability to stay within visual contact.

Answer 51

52. D

 The ability to stay within voice contact

Question 52

53) Which choice below contains incorrect information regarding search rope operations?
(TB Rope 6 7.1, 7.2)
A) Under most conditions, the number of members assigned to the search rope team should be limited to four.
B) A unit (other than 1st alarm) receiving orders to search an area requiring a search rope shall maintain unit integrity and will perform this function with all members.
C) The officer and two firefighters will operate as the first search team.
D) Remaining members of a unit not part of the first search team shall remain at the tie off point

Answer 52

53. A

7. 1 Under most conditions, the number of members assigned to the search rope team should be limited to three.

Question 53

54) An Officer made one incorrect statement when discussing relief of a unit at a forward point of the search during operations with the search rope. Indicate the incorrect comment.
(TB Rope 6 8.1-8.4)
A) The relieving company should enter the area to be searched with their right hand in contact with the rope, if possible.
B) The company being relieved should exit the IDLH with their left hand in contact with the rope, if possible.
C) Members relieving a company on a search rope must communicate with each other about the areas searched to eliminate duplication.
D) The company being relieved must, if possible, tie off the search rope and leave the bag at the point where the search was discontinued. The relief company should continue the search from that point.

Answer 53

54. B

8.2 If it becomes necessary to relieve a unit at a forward point of the search, the relieving
company should enter the area to be searched with their right hand in contact with the rope (if possible.) The company being relieved should exit the IDLH with their right
hand in contact with the rope (if possible.) In this manner, companies entering and leaving the area will all be on opposite sides of the rope and will not interfere with one another.

Question 54

55) Two firefighters discussing the maintenance and repacking of the search rope were incorrect in which comment? (TB Rope 6 12.1, 12.2,13.2-13.4)
A) Inspect the search rope after each use.
B) When packing, lay the rope out on a clean dry surface, removing all kinks, and coil clockwise beginning with the end of the rope that has the single knot, then secure the clip at the end of the rope (after the seven knots) to the “D” rings in the bottom of the bag.
C) Coil the rope into the case counter-clockwise.
D) Repack the search rope quarterly.

Answer 54

55. D
56. 2 Repack monthly.
57. BATTALION CHIEF’S CONSIDERATIONS
    10.1 At operations when a search rope is deployed the IC shall, dependant on the fire
    conditions encountered, consider special calling additional ladder companies to the scene to support the overall operation. The IC shall consider assigning the special called ladder(s) to the tie off point of the search rope to assist, relieve or augment the unit utilizing the search rope.
    10.2 The IC shall include the use of search ropes in their progress reports.
    10.3 When two or more ropes have been deployed in the same area with a serious fire condition the IC should consider assigning a chief officer to supervise.

Question 55

1) At a recent fire in a 1-story taxpayer, BC Smith received a transmission stating “we have heavy fire exposing two steel I-beams and one steel column in the rear exposure 2 3 side,” BC Smith’s following decisions should have taken into account all of the following except in which incorrect choice? (Txpyr, 3.6.3,3.6.4,4.2.5)
A) Cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying ability, and under normal circumstances, there should be no hesitation in cooling these members.
B) If the beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, unless these beams are cooled.
C) A warning signs of a potential structural collapse is a heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 minutes or more, particularly in a large open floor area.
D) When steel “I” beams are heated from 1000 F to 1500 F, their yield strength drops
dramatically and they start to soften and fail. This temperature can be reached in five to ten minutes at a fire and it is only a matter of time at an uncontrolled fire (thirty minutes for the smaller beam sections), until these beams can be heated beyond their strength limitations.

Answer 55

1. D

3.6.4 There is a false impression that hot steel beams or columns cooled by hose
streams will crack or fail. Tests have shown that cooling a steel member will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying ability, and under normal circumstances, there should be no hesitation in cooling these members. If the beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, whether these beams are cooled or not. The steel will contract to its original length as it is cooled and if the beam has sagged, this shortening may pull the end of the beams off their supports or twist
the beam allowing the joists to drop.

Question 56

2) Two Battalion Chiefs were discussing general tactics at taxpayer fires when one made an incorrect statement. Which statement was incorrect? (Txpyr 5.4.13, 5.4.14, 5.4.17, 5.5.20)
A) Additional ladder companies should be special called to the scene of the operation as needed. The first arriving officer should initiate this, if necessary. Consideration should be given to whether tower ladder apparatus is responding or should be called.
B) The need for, and use of, four ladder companies at a serious taxpayer fire is not unusual.
C) A Roof Sector Supervisor should be assigned as early as possible to supervise roof operations. This must be a chief officer as designated by the IC.
D) At cellar fires. Ventilation Support Groups should be utilized for ventilation. Judicious use of both fog nozzles and positive pressure ventilation fans can help clear large areas of carbon monoxide, smoke and heat when conditions for natural venting are difficult or restricted by weather conditions.

Answer 56

2. C

5.4.14 A Roof Sector Supervisor should be assigned as early as possible to supervise
roof operations. This could be a chief or company officer as designated by the IC.

Question 57

3) Prior to implementing interior operations at a taxpayer fire with a bowstring truss roof, the Incident Commander (IC) must perform a risk assessment keeping in mind that the life hazard and safety of the members involved in the operation is of paramount concern. The IC may
implement an interior attack after a risk assessment has been performed based on all of the following factors except? (Txpyr 5.5.25 A)
A) Current structural stability of the building.
B) Any known or suspected life hazard.
C) Size and location of the fire.
D) Verification of safe access to fire area.

Answer 57

3. B

 Current structural stability of the building.
 Any known life hazard.
 Size and location of the fire.
 Verification of safe access to fire area.

Question 58

4) Battalion Chiefs should know all of the following to be correct regarding operations at taxpayer fires except in which choice? (Txpyr 5.6.4,5.6.5,5.7.5)
A) The first to arrive Battalion Chief shall assume the position of the Incident Commander and establish the Incident Command Post in proximity to the front of the fire building but outside the collapse zone.
B) If a tower ladder is not assigned on the initial response, and its use is anticipated, special call one. When a taxpayer faces more than one street, consider the need for one on each street.
C) The Roof Sector Supervisor may only start a trench cut upon prior approval of the Incident Commander.
D) In the event of a cellar fire or a serious first floor fire, where successful operations are doubtful and it is feared that fire may eventually extend into the cockloft, a trench as a defensive measure may be advisable.

Answer 58

4. 5.6.4 The Roof Sector Supervisor can start a trench cut where he/she sees the necessity for it. Immediate notification to the Incident Commander of the operation is mandatory.

Question 59

5) As the first arriving BC at a taxpayer fire, you would be correct to transmit a 2nd alarm in all of the following scenarios except? (Txpyr 5.7.4)
A) Two hand lines are operating on an advanced fire in a store.
B) Fire extension into the cockloft.
C) Fire extension into an adjoining occupancy.
D) Advanced fire in the cellar.

Answer 59

5. A

5.7.4 When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, special call an
extra engine and ladder. Transmit a second alarm for extension to the cockloft, adjoining occupancy or for an advanced fire in the cellar. The need for additional
ladder companies at these operations is great, anticipate such and special call as
needed.

Question 60

6) A Battalion Chief concerned with general safety at taxpayer fires should know all of the following to be correct except? (Txpyr 10.1.6,10.2.6,11.2 Addendum I Figure 11)
A) Chief and company officers should be cognizant of the need to provide illumination during night operations. The need for artificial illumination is not necessary during the day.
B) A charged line should be on hand to cover all openings made. Openings for cellar pipes, in particular, should be covered by separate hand line in the event this position becomes untenable.
C) Plate glass in store windows and doors must be broken carefully and thoroughly trimmed to prevent serious injury. Members’ eye shields must be down when breaking or trimming glass.
D) Knowledge of construction features is probably the single most important factor in dealing successfully with these fires.

Answer 60

6. A
7. 1.6 Chief and company officers should be cognizant of the need to provide illumination as soon as conditions and staffing allow. This aspect should be considered in daylight as well as in night operations.

Question 61

7) The Incident Commander of a taxpayer fire should be aware of all of the following except which incorrect choice? (Txpyr 5.7.15 A, 5.8.2,5.8.3)

A) If the building has a Fire Command Station, the first to arrive Battalion Chief shall establish the Incident Command Post at this location.

B) If the building doesn’t have a Fire Command Station the ICP should be established outside the building close enough to maintain radio communications with operating units but far enough
away to be able to properly size-up the situation.

C) If the building has a Fire Command Station, but the location of the Station makes it unsuitable for use, the ICP should be established outside the building close enough to maintain radio communications with operating units but far enough away to be able to properly size-up the situation.

D) In difficult cellar fires, the use of AR-AFFF Foam may be the means of extinguishment or provide sufficient cooling to permit the advancement of lines.

Answer 61

7. D

A. Hi Expansion Foam: In difficult cellar fires the services of foam units may
be the means of extinguishment or for sufficient cooling to permit the
advancement of lines.

Question 62

8) At an intense cockloft fire in a taxpayer, the Incident Commander would be correct to employ each of the following tactics except? (Txpyr 7.3.3 B, G, H, I)

A) In older-type taxpayers there may be vents or store signs attached to the front of the building covering openings into the cockloft. Streams can be operated into these openings to effect extinguishment.

B) Ceilings shall be pulled in occupancies to expose fire and define extent of same. The Incident Commander shall order a hand line with a cock loft nozzle into the interior to knock down the fire in the cock loft.

C) Operating hose lines directly into roof openings is not good practice and shall never be attempted. The only purpose of roof lines is to protect members operating on the roof and prevent fire extension to exposures.

D) As a last resort, when roof or interior operations are dangerous, personnel shall be withdrawn and the use of tower ladder, multiversal and deckpipe streams resorted to.

Answer 62

8. C

G. Operate hoselines directly into roof openings. This generally is not a good practice but in some cases may be the only way of hitting the fire and controlling it.

Note: Before lines are operated into the roof all interior operations must cease or personnel withdrawn to a safe area. It must be remembered that the primary purpose of roof lines is to protect members operating on the roof and prevent fire extension to exposures.

Question 63

10) A newly promoted Battalion Chief should know which choice below to contain incorrect information regarding gypsum roof decking? (SB 85 3.2-3.4)

A) The characteristic of gypsum plank and decking, along with truss construction, are
conducive to an early collapse under fire operations.

B) Members shall not be committed to roof operations when gypsum plank and decking is found on the roof.

C) Interior firefighting operations shall not be conducted due to the weight of gypsum decking materials.

D) The presence of a Gypsum Roof Deck will be indicated by a white powdery residue during saw operations. Upon this observation, members shall make immediate notification to the Incident Commander and proceed to evacuate the roof.

Answer 63

10. C
11. 3 Interior firefighting operations shall be conducted FROM AREAS OF SAFETY due to the weight of such decking materials (gypsum plank - 135 lbs. each, gypsum concrete - 17.5 lbs. per sq. foot). Hose streams should be operated well in advance of members.

Question 64

11) A knowledgeable Battalion Chief would be correct to know that, when completing a NYFIRS report following a fire operation, an entry should be made if? (SB 92 3.1)
A) CIDS did not properly warn members of a collyer’s mansion.
B) Clutter conditions were present, whether or not they impacted operations.
C) Members failed to report the degree of clutter.
D) Clutter conditions have impacted operations.

Answer 64

11. D

3. 1 An entry should be made when completing a NYFIRS report when clutter conditions have impacted operations.

Question 65

12) An experienced Battalion Chief would know which point below to be correct regarding FDNY operations with the search rope? (TB Rope 6 10.1-10.3)

A) At operations when a search rope is deployed the IC shall always special call two additional ladder companies to the scene to support the overall operation.

B) The IC shall consider assigning an engine company to the tie off point of the search rope to assist, relieve or augment the unit utilizing the search rope.

C) The IC shall include the use of search ropes in their progress reports.

D) Regardless of fire intensity, when two or more ropes have been deployed in the same area, the IC shall assign a chief officer to supervise search rope operations.

Answer 65

13. BATTALION CHIEF’S CONSIDERATIONS
    10.1 At operations when a search rope is deployed the IC shall, dependant on the fire
    conditions encountered, CONSIDER special calling additional ladder companies to the scene to support the overall operation. The IC shall consider assigning the special called
    LADDER(s) to the tie off point of the search rope to assist, relieve or augment the unit utilizing the search rope.
14. 2 The IC shall include the use of search ropes in their progress reports.
15. 3 When two or more ropes have been deployed in the same area WITH A SERIOUS FIRE CONDITION the IC should consider assigning a chief officer to supervise.