seminar 6 Flashcards
What is Ambivalent Sexism?
A theory that explains dualistic attitudes toward women, combining both hostile sexism (negative views) and benevolent sexism (seemingly positive but patronizing views).
What is Hostile Sexism?
Overtly negative attitudes toward women who challenge traditional gender roles, such as feminists or career-driven women.
What is Benevolent Sexism?
Chivalrous but patronizing attitudes, such as believing that women should be protected or cherished, reinforcing the idea that they are weak and need male guidance.
What is the Glass Ceiling Effect?
The invisible barrier that prevents women from rising to top leadership positions despite their qualifications and abilities.
How does “Think Manager, Think Male” bias affect women?
It associates leadership traits (e.g., assertiveness, dominance) with masculinity and undermines women’s leadership abilities, limiting their advancement.
What is the Glass Cliff Effect?
A phenomenon where women are more likely to be promoted to high-risk leadership positions, and when these positions fail, their performance is blamed on their gender.
What is the Glass Escalator Effect?
Men in female-dominated professions (e.g., nursing, teaching) tend to rise more quickly than women, as society assumes they are natural leaders.
What is Social Role Theory?
The theory that gender differences result from social roles, not just biological differences, and that gender roles are both descriptive and prescriptive.
How does Social Role Theory explain gendered behaviors?
Gendered behaviors are attributed to societal expectations rather than innate biological traits (e.g., women are nurturing because they take on caregiving roles).
What is Role Congruity Theory?
An extension of Social Role Theory, explaining why women face bias in leadership roles due to the conflict between descriptive and injunctive gender role expectations.
How does Role Congruity Theory create a double bind for women in leadership?
Women are criticized for not conforming to gender roles (e.g., lacking assertiveness) or for defying them (e.g., being labeled “bossy” for acting assertively).
What is the Backlash Effect?
Women who display assertive behavior are socially punished because it contradicts traditional gender roles, often being labeled as “aggressive” when exhibiting competence and ambition.
How does gender stereotype affect nonconformity in men?
Gender nonconformity in boys is judged more harshly than in girls. Men in caregiving roles, like stay-at-home dads, face workplace discrimination.
What is a common stereotype about men and caregiving roles?
Men in caregiving roles, such as male teachers, are often seen as less competent in childcare compared to their female counterparts.
How do gender stereotypes reinforce discrimination in both men and women?
Gender stereotypes shape expectations in the workplace, leadership, and social interactions, often leading to discrimination that limits opportunities and reinforces social inequalities for both genders.
