Seminar 5

Question 1

extremism definition

Answer 1

active pursuit for profound changes in society which pose a threat to the democratic legal order by use of undemocratic methods

Question 2

right wing extremism

Answer 2

extremism in combination with one or more of the following: xenophobia, hatred of foreign cultures, ultranationalism

Question 3

right wing extremism (Heitmeyer)

Answer 3

an ideology of considering inequality between people as a nature-given principle ánd the acceptance of violence as a legitimate way of acting

Question 4

undemocratic means

Answer 4

violence, stimulating violence, voicing hatred, spreading fear, disinformation, intimidation, hate speech

Question 5

radicalization of the masses

Answer 5

extremist groups use less extreme (radical) groups to reach new audiences and mainstream their ideologies, use of internet is key (davey & ebner 2017)

Question 6

achieving mass radicalization through 3 ways

Answer 6

1. platform convergence -> online meetings
2. ideological convergence -> exploiting common grievances of mass immigration
3. tactical convergence -> incentivise different right-wing groups to join forces

Question 7

left-wing extremism

Answer 7

by ways of undemocratic means reaching anti-fascist, anti-globalist, anti-immigration-policy or other left-wing goals

Question 8

right-wing extremist violence timeline

Answer 8

decline since 2005, sharp decline in 2009, downward trend until 2015, then slight revival since 2015 (in the Netherlands) because of jihadist terrorist attacks in Western Europe and influx of refugees into Europe from 2015 onwards