Seminar 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best soil conditions for a winegrower who wishes to plant a new vineyard?

A

Well aerated, well drained, deep (90cm), all types of soil can work.

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2
Q

Where should a winegrower avoid planting vines?

A

Avoid big compact rocks and soil with standing water.

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3
Q

What are the choice criteria for good rootstocks?

A

Rootstocks shouldn’t be too productive. Good rootstock depends on soil type. A lot can adapt to different types of soil condition and weather conditions. However an excess of limestone may cause chlorosis.

get nerdy on american rootstock selection for french soils here: https://www.bkwine.com/features/winemaking-viticulture/rootstocks-grafting-french-wine-texas/

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4
Q

There are about 2000 cultivars which can produce “decent wine” Why are they not all used?

A

A lot are better suited for table grapes. Some the temperatures aren’t suitable. Some are productive. Post phylloxera growers wanted early ripening grapes. Some are more “fashionable” then others.

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5
Q

What problem is entailed by a winegrower’s choice of cultivars?

A

Weather, drainage, soil types, pay attention to regulation. Adaptability to rootstock and soil.

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6
Q

What cultivar would you use in temperatures of 30 to 35 degrees Celsius?

A

Grenache, Tempranillo, syrah, Mourvèdre

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7
Q

What does mass selection consist of?

A

Grafting. Winegrower choose from their vineyard, they will perform the grafting themselves.

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8
Q

Why does “mass selection” been more or less abandoned?

A

Time consuming. 50% success rate. Can’t guarantee it will be virus free.

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9
Q

Why does mass selection still interest a certain number of wine growers?

A

They can control the process themselves. Trust in nurseries is limited.

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10
Q

What is expected from clones?

A

Expect different things, most importantly that they are virus free! Some yield, some fruitness.

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11
Q

What cultivar would a winegrower plant on a schist soil?

A

Grenache, Syrah, Riesling, PX in Port

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12
Q

Why is trellising necessary in viticulture?

A

Vines can’t support themselves. Also it keeps vines off the ground which prevents them from rotting and minimizes diseases. Trellising also helps spread out the canopy.

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13
Q

Can vine planting be mechanized?

A

Yes! Machines created to drill a hole and put the vine in the hole.

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14
Q

What are posts made of? What are the pros and cons of such posts?

A

1.) Wood.
Pros: Acacia is the best wood to use if you are going this route, because it doesn’t rot. Cons: have to replace every 20-30 years.

2.) Metal.
Pros: easily adjust height of the post. Cons: not as pretty as wood. Also the iron in the metal can be an issue for the wine.

3.) Plastic
Pros: Adjustable
Cons: it’s plastic

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15
Q

What is the trellising system’s effect on the vines?

A

Vine balance. Amount of shade and sun on the grapes. Ease of hand and mechanical harvesting. Allows wind/air to circulate. Makes the vineyard look organized.

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16
Q

What animal causes damage to new plantings?

A

Rabbits

17
Q

What is the vine density in burgundy, bordeaux, and champange?

A

1 meter between 2 rows
90 cm between 2 stocks
10,000 vines per hectare

18
Q

What is the advantage of Y-trellising?

A

Can use an ordinary tractor, more sunshine (means more photosynthesis), save place

19
Q

What is the advantage of high and wide rows?

A

Aeration, ease of working vineyards, more economical. Can use ordinary tractors.

20
Q

Why do winegrowers use pergolas in Portugal?

A

Too much sun; grapes can get burned easily.

21
Q

What can a winegrower do against strong winds?

A

Build walls, training system, grow trees (cyrpus trees are prefferred as they are very strong and their roots grow straight down)

22
Q

How can a winegrower fight against erosion?

A

Plant cover crops recommended ray grass, bring earth up from the bottom, terrace (not allowed everywhere)

23
Q

In what weather conditions do colure and millerandage occur?

A

Cold and rainy when it’s flowering time.

24
Q

What is used against powdery mildrew?

A

Harnil’s favorite chemical. Sulfur.

25
Q

What is used against downy mildrew?

A

Copper Sulfate

26
Q

What is used against black rot?

A

Copper and Sulfur

27
Q

Is botrytis a good thing for winegrowers?

A

Can be! Depending where you are and what type of grapes. Works with white grapes to make sweet wines, can’t do anything with the grapes if happens to red grapes.

28
Q

Is there anything a winegrower can do against esca?

A

“Prayers”- Claude. Not really, it’s a killer, must replace the vine.

Prophylactic measures and guyot ploussard pruning.

29
Q

What is eutypiosis?

A

A growing concern. Wood of the vines is effected, turns leaves brown, ugni blanc is quite vunerable. prophylaxie, late pruning, and antiseptic on the cuts. Have to replace.

30
Q

Where are there vineyards affected by Pierce’s disease?

A

USA and South America. Caused by a vector of bacteria, there is no cure.

31
Q

What is the cause of flavescence dorée?

A

Green leaf hopper. No cure, vine has to be replaced.

32
Q

What disease is caused by a virus transmitted by nematodes?

A

Fanleaf Degeneration

33
Q

gWhat is the best way to fight against worms such as cochillis, eudemis, pyralids…?

A

Pesticides or Sexual Traps.

34
Q

If a winegrower’s vineyard is attacked by red spiders, what can they do?

A

Natural Predator using typhlodrome aka grey spiders

35
Q

What damange do suzukii drosophilas cause?

A

From Asia global warming; drils holes in grapes, lays eggs. Grapes rot. Sorting the grapes very carefully can prevent this. Also, pasteurization (70 degree celsius heating most for one minute.)

36
Q

What is the principal of sexual traps?

A

Attracting males with female hormones, confuses them.