Seminar 1

Question 1

Where and when did viticulture begin?

Answer 1

Georgia 6000 BCS

Question 2

How did the first winegrowers vinify their wines?

Answer 2

Underground vats -> Qveri (also spelled Kweri)

Question 3

Where did viticultures move after it began in Georgia?

Answer 3

Westward -> Egypt

Question 4

According to the Bible, who was the first winegrower?

Answer 4

Noah

Question 5

According to many legends, what animals taught how to prune?

Answer 5

Donkeys

Question 6

Who was the Greek god of wine?

Answer 6

Bacchus (Dionysius)

Question 7

What miracle did Jesus Christ perform in Cana? What tradition did this initiate?

Answer 7

Turning water into wine. Serving the best wine first.

Question 8

What made wine so important in Christian religions?

Answer 8

It represents blood of christ.

Question 9

In what Eastern country was wine appreciated and celebrated?

Answer 9

Iran

Question 10

Why wasn’t wine readily adopted in India, China, and Japan?

Answer 10

It wasn’t in their culture to drink wine, they drank rice distillates and tea.

Question 11

After the fall of the Roman Empire, who took care of vineyards?

Answer 11

The church

Question 12

What was St. Benedict’s rule concerning wine?

Answer 12

Wine in moderation.

Question 13

What famous estate did Cistercian monks develop in Burgundy?

Answer 13

Clos de Vougeot

Question 14

What were the three main uses of wine in monasteries?

Answer 14

1.) Sacrements: blood of christ
2.) Duty of hospitality
3.) Safer to drink then water, used wine in hospitals

Question 15

Mention a Cisterican contribution to viticultre?

Answer 15

-Construction of Clos
-Development of cultivars specifically Pinot Noir
-Understanding climats

Question 16

How were clos constituted in Burgundy?

Answer 16

Draining marshes, moving rocks. Created to keep animals out by wealthy landowners so built them around choice plots.

Question 17

Why was Bordeaux wine not popular in France in the middle ages?

Answer 17

It was controlled by the English

Question 18

Why were there no vineyards in Médoc in the Middle Ages?

Answer 18

It was a marsh. Soil wasn’t suitable.

Question 19

What cultivar did Duke Philip the Good ban in Burgundy in 1395? Why did he make this decision?

Answer 19

Gamay– too prolific, peasants were able to make their own because of this and in turn could make them disloyal.

Question 20

Did viticulture make winegrowers get rich after the 100 year old? What did they drink?

Answer 20

No, winegrowers were not rich. They drank piquette, which is created from the leftover grape skins.

Question 21

In what way did wine consumption start to change at the end of the 17th century?

Answer 21

Wines were able to be aged and became the people’s drink. Time of economic upturn, people were happy.

Question 22

Who invented champange?

Answer 22

The English

Question 23

Why was champagne popular in the 18th century?

Answer 23

Cheaper and taxed lower then previous times. Happy times, economics upturn.

Question 24

How do growers disinfect their barrel’s?

Answer 24

Harnil’s favorite chemical, Sulfur.

Question 25

What happened to the vineyards belonging to the Church during the French Revolution?

Answer 25

Confiscated and redistrubted.

Question 26

What new class of vitiners emerged during the French Revolution?

Answer 26

Wine Merchants

Question 27

What recommendation did Antoine Chaptal make regarding vinification?

Answer 27

Add sugar to the must.

Question 28

What role did the State play in viticulture in the 19th century?

Answer 28

Napoleon the Third helped viticulture. Encouraged Pasteur.

Question 29

Who is considered the father of enology?

Answer 29

Louis Pasteur

Question 30

How were diseases as the mildews and phylloxera introduced in Europe?

Answer 30

From American grape vines.

Question 31

Why were there so many counterfeit wines in Europe at the end of the 19th century?

Answer 31

Lack of wine because of phylloxera.

Question 32

Why were there no winegrowers rebellions in Burgundy at the beginning of the 20th century? (contrary to the south of France and Champagne?)

Answer 32

Vineyards are divided into smaller portions than in the south of France and Champagne.

Question 33

How was the surplus of wine crisis of the beginning of the 20th century solved?

Answer 33

War. Gave abundance of wine to soilders for rations. Helped keep their spirits high.

Question 34

What are the principles of the AOC system?

Answer 34

Defining where wine can be made.