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MMET 206 > Semiconductors > Flashcards

Semiconductors Flashcards

1
Q

LED

A

Light Emmitting Diode Semiconductor

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2
Q

Efficiency of LEDs

A

250 lumens and conusumes 85% less energy than a standard 60W incandescent light bulb

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3
Q

Diode

A

A diode is an electrical/electronic device made of semiconductor
materials which allow the electric current to flow through it in
only one direction.

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4
Q

Conduction band

A

The range of energy required to free an electron from an atom

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5
Q

Conduction band of Semiconductors

A

Inbetween electric conductors and electric insulators
Covalent Bonds

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6
Q

Instrinsic Semiconductor

A

(pure Semiconductor)
No holes or free electrons

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7
Q

Charge carriers

A

Free electrons and holes which are responsible for current flow thorugh a semiconductors

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8
Q

Current flow in intrinsic semiconductor

A

free electrons flow to the positive terminal, holes flow to the negative terminal

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9
Q

Doping

A

Add Phosphorus to create N-type Extrinsic semiconductor
Add Boron to create P-type Extrinsic semiconductor

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10
Q

Current flow in N-type semiconductor

A

Negative to Positive

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11
Q

Current flow in P-type semiconductor

A

Positive to Negative

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12
Q

P-N Junction

A

P and N type semiconductors placed togther will create a depletion region (barrier)

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13
Q

What happens if the negative terminal (–) is connected to the P-type semiconductor?

A

No current flow

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14
Q

What happens if the positive terminal (+) is connected to the P-type semiconductor?

A

Current flows; will release light if a light emmiting semiconductor is used

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15
Q

Composition of LED

A

a diode (P-N junction) made of a light emmiting material (GaN) with another light emmitting material sandwhiched in between (InGaN) and a ceramic substrate (Sapphire)

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16
Q

LED Chip Materials

A

III-V semiconductors
III = B, Al, Ga, In
V = N, P, As
Balga In Napals

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17
Q

Applications of LEDs

A

Table Lamps, Street Lights, Backlight for LCD monitors

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18
Q

OLED

A

Self illuminating, higher efficiency, thinner, brighter, flexible
Higher cost than LCD

19
Q

New LED Technologies

A

Mini LED : Source of Backlight
Micro LED : A new display

20
Q

Photocoltaic Effect

A

The photons from the sun light prompted electrons flowing from N-type semiconductor to the P-type semiconductor. → Electric current flow.

21
Q

Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)

A

Transparent ceramic electric conductor

22
Q

Solar Cell materials

A

P-N Junction of Si, tempered glass

23
Q

Types of Solar Cells

A

All Si P-N Juctions

  1. Single Crystal Si : 27% efficiency
  2. Polycrystaline Si : 20% efficiency
  3. amorphous (a-Si) : 10% efficiency
24
Q

Nanomaterials

A

Materials with at least one dimensionsmaller than 100 nanometer (nm)

25
Q

MEMS

A

Micro-ElectoMechanical Systems are inertial sensors which detect:

Acceleration
Vibration
Shock
Tilt
Rotation

26
Q

Types of Nanotechnologies

A

Carbon Nanotube Electrode

Quantum Corral: 14 nm diameter, qauntum confinement (traping of electrons)

27
Q

Particle Sizes

A

cement dust > 4µm
bacteria > virus
carbon black < 100nm

28
Q

Size dependent material properties of nanomaterials

A

Mechanical
Optical
Thermal
Catalytic

29
Q

Melting Temp of nanomaterials

A

decreases as particle size decreases

30
Q

Modulus and Hardness of nanomaterials

A

Both decrease as size decreases

31
Q

Color of nanomaterials

A

The smaller the particle, the more blue is absorbed
and the redder it appears

32
Q

Why are nanoparticle properties size dependent?

A

There are more atoms on the surface than the inside which means more atoms will be affected.

33
Q

Carbon Nanotubes: Mechanical Properties

A

100 times stronger than steel
same hardness as diamond but felxible

34
Q

Carbon Nanotubes: Thermal Properties

A

Great conductor along axis (9x copper)
great insulator across axis (0.4% copper)

35
Q

Carbon Nanotubes: Electric Properties

A

Best electric conductor: can carry 1000x current of copper wires

36
Q

Graphene

A

single layer used to make carbon nanotube
best electric conductor

37
Q

Magic angle of graphene

A

1.08 degree offset to create superconductor

38
Q

Super thread

A

carbon nanotube fiber is the strongest and stiffest material on earth

39
Q

CVD

A

Chemical Vapor Deposition for growing carbon nanotubes (CNT) on a silicon substrate

40
Q

Colors on silicon wafers and butterflies

A

structural color

41
Q

Apples latests bionic chip

A

5 nanometer process, 16 billion transistors

42
Q

Modern Silicon IC tech

A
  • Planar >= 28nm
  • FinFet <= 22nm
  • Gate-All-Around <= 3nm
43
Q

Max # of particles per m^3 in Semiconductor Fab

A

35

MMET 206 (3 decks)

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