semi finals

Question 1

Think of globalization like this: people all over the world want to make their lives better, like finding new ways to play or sharing cool things they have. It’s in our nature to explore, learn, and connect with others. This natural instinct led us to create things like games, stories, and even trade with people from different places. Just as we have our unique ways of doing things, people from various parts of the world have their own customs and traditions.

Answer 1

Globalization as Hardwired

Question 2

Think of globalization like a big wheel that keeps turning over a very long time. Some smart people see it as a cycle, like the seasons that come back again and again. Trying to find exactly where it started might be tricky, but it’s like a pattern that repeats itself. It’s a bit like how in some places, people believe in cycles of nature and time, where things come and go, just like the ups and downs of a big wheel.

Answer 2

Globalization as a Cycle

Question 3

Think of globalization like a big story with different chapters. Some really smart people say there are six major chapters, or “epochs,” in this story. Each epoch has its own starting point, like when people from different places began sharing their beliefs, or when some countries started exploring and taking over other places. What makes this idea different from the cycle view is that these chapters don’t come back; they’re more like steps in a journey. It’s a bit like how in some places, people believe that time moves forward, like reading different chapters in a really long book. The chapters in this story include times when people shared their religions, when some countries took over others, when European countries had wars, when they built big empires, and more recent times like after World War II and the end of the Cold War. Each chapter has its own special time in history.

Answer 3

Globalization as Epoch

Question 4

Think of globalization like a series of really big surprises in history. Some wise philosophers believed that these surprises, or “events,” shake up how we see the world. They’re like moments when something thought impossible suddenly becomes possible, breaking our usual way of thinking. Globalization, according to them, isn’t just a gradual change; it’s more about these surprising events that change everything. It’s like when ancient Romans conquered vast territories, or Genghis Khan’s armies surprised Eastern Europe. Even Christopher Columbus discovering America in 1492 or the first time we connected the world with a transatlantic cable were such big, unexpected events. Recent events like the birth of the internet in 1988 or the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center are also part of this story of surprising, world-changing events.

Answer 4

Globalization as an Event

Question 5

5 Different Perspectives on the Emergence of Globalization

Answer 5

1. Globalization as Hardwired
2. Globalization as a Cycle
3. Globalization as Epoch
4. Globalization as an Event
5. Globalization in the Broader and More Recent Changes

Question 6

refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing
scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital, and wide and rapid spread of
technologies.

Answer 6

Economic Globalization

Question 7

2) types of economy associated with economic globalization

Answer 7

Trade Protectionism and
Trade Liberalization

Question 8

means “a policy of systematic government intervention in foreign trade with the
objective of encouraging domestic production.”

Answer 8

Protectionism

Question 9

, on the other hand, advocated free trade agreements and technological advances in
transportation and communication which resulted to goods and services moving around the world more easily than
ever. G

Answer 9

Trade Liberalization

Question 10

as the concern for the social, economic, and environmental well-being
of marginalized small producers, aims for a more moral and equitable global economic system, protecting workers and
producers, establishment of more just prices and wages.

Answer 10

Fair Trade

Question 11

– this theory frames global stratification as a function of technological and cultural
differences between nations.

Answer 11

MODERNIZATION THEORY

Question 12

2 specific events in Western Europe

Answer 12

Columbian Exchange
Industrial Revolution

Question 13

e refers to the spread of goods, technology, education, and diseases between the
Americas and Europe after Christopher Columbus’s so called “discovery of the Americas”, which has
contributed to population growth and opportunities of trade for the Europeans, and strengthening the newly
rising class at the time, the merchant class (after mercantilism dismantled the feudal economic system)

Answer 13

Columbian Exchange

Question 14

. This is when new technologies, like steam power and
mechanization (brought about by the dominance of reason and rise of scientific and technological
advancements), allowed countries to replace human labor with machines, increasing productivity, efficiency
and profit.

Answer 14

Industrial Revolution (18th and 19th Century)

Question 15

economist Walt Rostow thought of modernization in the West as taking place in four (4) stages

Answer 15

1. . The Traditional Stage;
2. The Take-Off Stage;
3. The Drive to Technological Maturity Stage; and
4. High Mass Consumption Stage.

Question 16

refers to societies that are structured around small, local communities with production typically being
done in family settings

Answer 16

. The Traditional Stage

Question 17

people begin to use their individual talents to produce things
beyond their necessities (reminded us of the 3rd and 4th stages of sociocultural evolution, Agrarian and Industrial
Societies). Greater individualism takes hold and social status is more closely linked with material wealth

Answer 17

. The Take-Off Stage

Question 18

the technological growth of the earlier periods begins to bear fruit in the form of population growth, reductions
in absolute poverty levels, and more diverse job opportunities (as characteristic of the post-industrial society of
sociocultural evolution), social, economic and political change. T

Answer 18

The Drive to Technological Maturity Stage;

Question 19

happens when a country is big enough
that production becomes more about wants than needs (review your Economics on the basic difference between
“want” and “need”), the fourth stage is the stage of consumerism and advanced capitalism

Answer 19

High Mass Consumption Stage.

Question 20

(and the Latin American Experience) – is the condition in which the development of the
nation-states of the South contributed to a decline in their independence (ex. US giving Independence to the Philippines
in 1946 but controlled the country’s economic policies thru what scholars called “neo- colonialism” which also
happened in some countries in South America) and to an increase in economic development of the countries of the
North.

Answer 20

DEPENDENCY THEORY

Question 21

This theory argues that Latin American underdevelopment was caused the excessive reliance
(dependency, internal policy) on exports of primary commodities, which were the object of fluctuating prices…
it seeks to implement trade protectionism to reduce dependency on foreign products.

Answer 21

The Latin American Structuralist Approach

Question 22

This theory rejected the idea that internal sources cause a country’s
underdevelopment; rather, it is their dependency to capitalist system that causes lack of development.

Answer 22

The North American Neo-Marxist Approach