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Semester Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The process of gathering information about events of process in a careful, orderly way

A

Observation

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2
Q

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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3
Q

The process of making RNA

A

Transcription

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4
Q

Two examples of codominance

A

Sickle cell and AB blood group

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5
Q

A reaction that is considered exothermic______ energy

A

Releases

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6
Q

Which type of symbiosis describes when one organism benefits, but the other is neither helped not harmed?

A

Commensalism

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7
Q

Attraction between two molecules of the same substances is referred to as ______ while attraction between molecules of different substances is

A

Cohesion

Adhesion

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8
Q

What describes an organism with a genotype of Bb?

A

Heterozygous

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9
Q

Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into energy an organism can use?

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set by breaking old bonds and forming new bonds?

A

Chemical reaction

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11
Q

Observations involve counting or measuring

A

Quantitative

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12
Q

The process of nuclear division

A

Mitosis

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13
Q

DNA _____ contains deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.

A

Nucleotide

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14
Q

The repeating subunits that make up DNA are called

A

Nucleotides

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15
Q

In cellular respiration ___ occurs after glycolysis if there is no oxygen present

A

Fermentation

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16
Q

Occurs when Tumor cells break loose and enter the blood stream

A

Metastasis

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17
Q

The different forms of a gene are called

A

Alleles

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18
Q

The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is called

A

Transcription

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19
Q

What is cause by a dominant allele and causes a breakdown of the brain beginning between 30-50 years of age?

A

Huntington’s disease

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20
Q

The basic unit of matter

A

Atom

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21
Q

Genes that have more than 2 alleles

A

Multiple alleles

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22
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is the

A

Atomic mass

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23
Q

The logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

A

Inference

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24
Q

A substance of only one atom type

A

Element

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25
Q

When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water would be the __ and the hydrogen and oxygen would be the____

A

Product

Reactant

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26
Q

Any change in the DNA sequence s

A

Mutation

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27
Q

Each a set of 3 nitrogenous bases in an mRNA sequence

A

Codon

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28
Q

Which organelle makes proteins using instructions that come from the nucleus?

A

Ribosome

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29
Q

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and different number of

A

Neutrons

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30
Q

The process that uses energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen

A

Photosynthesis

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31
Q

During translation_____ uses the instruction to place amino acids in the correct order, eventually building proteins

A

tRNA

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32
Q

The structure of DNA strands is a

A

Double helix

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33
Q

During cell division, sister chromatids are connected to each other and the spindles by

A

Centromere

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34
Q

Large masses formed from uncontrolled cell division are called

A

Tumors

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35
Q

A person who may bleed to death from a small cut had what sex-linked disorder?

A

Hemophilia

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36
Q

Occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

A

Crossing-over

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37
Q

Factors that determine traits

A

Genes

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38
Q

Genetically identical copies

A

Clones

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39
Q

A useful device for predictions the probability of genetic variation in offspring of crosses between different genotype is the

A

Punnet square

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40
Q

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of __ concentration to an area of __ concentration

A

High

Low

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41
Q

A biological community and all the abiotic factors that affect it is called a

A

Ecosystem

42
Q

3 examples of heterotrophs

A

Humans, lions, tigers

43
Q

What is cased by the absence of an enzyme that converts the amino acid phenyl alone and may lead to mental retardation

A

PKU

44
Q

Discovered that DNA is a double helix

A

Watson and Crick

45
Q

Two structure only found in plant cells

A

Cell wall and Chloroplast

46
Q

Which biome has the greatest amount of biodiversity?

A

Tropical rainforest

47
Q

Which human activity is a major part of the carbon cycle

A

Fossil fuels

48
Q

The relationship between a duck and the fog it is biting is called

A

Parasitism

49
Q

What is a group of proteins that monitor a cell’s progress during the cell cylcle

A

Cycling

50
Q

What structure is found in the chloroplast that is green and assists in the process of photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

51
Q

The study of heredity

A

Genetics

52
Q

The division of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

53
Q

Shows the Exact location of genes in a chromosome

A

Gene map

54
Q

DNA is actually a set of instruction for producing

A

Proteins

55
Q

The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains

A

Electrons

56
Q

The principle of dominance states that a _____ is always expressed, while a ___ is only expressed when the other is not present

A

Dominant

Recessive

57
Q

A ___ is a cross of one trait and a __ is a cross of 2 traits

A

Monohybrid

Dihybrid

58
Q

What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started

A

Activation energy

59
Q

Any compound that firms H+ ions in solution and had a pH of less than 7 is called

A

Acid

60
Q

Occurs when both alleles are dominant and both appear separately

A

Codominance

61
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acids

62
Q

Mitosis results in __ cells

A

2 diploid (2n)

63
Q

What term describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

A

A compound

64
Q

A virus that infects a bacteria is called a

A

Bacteriophage

65
Q

Humans have how many chromosomes

A

46

66
Q

The nucleus of an atom is made up of

A

Protons and neutrons

67
Q

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

A

Cellular respiration

68
Q

An ionic Bond is formed as a result

A

Transferring electrons

69
Q

The process of cellular respiration produces __ ATP molecules

A

38

70
Q

What combination of sex chromosomes represents a female?

A

XX

71
Q

The process of putting together amino acids is called

A

Translation

72
Q

Somatic cells are referred to as

A

Diploid or 2n

73
Q

______ lets material out of a cell, while ____ takes material into the cell

A

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

74
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

75
Q

Breakdown or digest material inside a cell

A

Lysosome

76
Q

For material to be considered living( organic) the element_____ must be present

A

Carbon

77
Q

The basic unit of life

A

Cell

78
Q

During DNA replication, the DNA unzips, and free bases are attatched by the enzyme

A

DNA polymerase

79
Q

Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another for that gene are called

A

Incomplete dominance

80
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

A

Osmosis

81
Q

Convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy

A

Chloroplasts

82
Q

The electron carrier in cellular respiration

A

NADH

83
Q

A change in a single base pair on a gene is called

A

Point mutation

84
Q

The spinning of ATP synthase forms

A

ATP

85
Q

Cell growth and DNA replication take place during

A

Interphase

86
Q

Carries protein-building instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome

A

mRNA

87
Q

A cell’s genetic material and DNA is contained in the

A

Nucleus

88
Q

The act of in organism consuming another for food is called

A

Carnivorism

89
Q

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits spreads independently without influencing each other’s inheritance

A

Law of Segregation

90
Q

What is caused by a defective protein in the plasma membrane resulting in the formation of a thick mucus on the lungs

A

Systic fibrosis

91
Q

During transformations cell incorporates __ from another cell

A

DNA

92
Q

Primary succession begins with the

A

Barock

93
Q

Are controlled by several genes

A

Polygenic traits

94
Q

The method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides is called

A

Cytokinesis

95
Q

List 2 examples of decomposers

A

Fungi and bacteria

96
Q

2 examples of biotic factors

A

Plants and animals

97
Q

In which part of the water cycle does water change from a liquid to a gas,

A

Evaporation

98
Q

What term describes a network of complex feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

A

Food web

99
Q

Down syndrome occurs when there is ____ at chromosome pair 21

A

Trisomy

100
Q

Are genetically identical copies

A

Clones

Biology (8 decks)

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