Semester One Final

Question 0

What is a case study?

Answer 0

an intense study of a group or person

Question 1

The goals of psycology

Answer 1

describe behavior, explain behavior, predict future behavior, and influence behavior

Question 2

Longitudinal study

Answer 2

study of individuals over years

Question 3

survey

Answer 3

research conducted by asking fixed questions

Question 4

cross sectional study

Answer 4

groups taken by age

Question 5

What is positive correlation?

Answer 5

same direction

Question 6

what is negative correlation?

Answer 6

different directions

Question 7

what is correlation?

Answer 7

the measure of a relationship between two variables

Question 8

single blind experiment

Answer 8

an experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants received treatment

Question 9

what is a double blind experiment?

Answer 9

a experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment

Question 10

placebo effect

Answer 10

a change in a participants illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect rather than from the actual treatment

Question 11

what is developmental psychology ?

Answer 11

the study of changes that occur as an individual matures

Question 12

maturation

Answer 12

the internally programmed growth of a child

Question 13

schemas

Answer 13

mental representations of the world

Question 14

Piaget

Answer 14

Sensorimotor stage- the infant uses schemas that primarily involve his body and sensations
Preoperational stage- emerges when the child begins to use mental images to understand things
Concrete operations- children are able to use logical schemas but their understanding is limited to concrete
objects or problems
Formal operations stage- the person is able to solve abstract problems

Question 15

What are four parenting styles?

Answer 15

Authoritarian parent- make arbitrary rules and expect unquestioned obedience
Permissive parents- warm and supportive; make few rules and rarely enforce the ones they do make
Neglecting parents- permissive parents on steriods; not involved in child’s lives
Authoritative parents- high but realistic standards; encourage open communication and independence

Question 16

Psycho sexual stages (5)

Answer 16

Oral stage- sensual pleasure comes from the mouth
Anal stage- pleasure derived form the anus
Phallic stage- pleasure from the genitals
Latency- sexual instinct has been repressed
Genital stage-it’s go time

Question 17

Erickson’s psycho social development

Answer 17

• Biological urges guide us but social recognitions acceptance is just as important
• meeting social needs at each stage of life
• Life is a series or social interactions
  
  • events during each stage impact our progression

Question 18

Rationalization

Answer 18

the process whereby an individual seeks to explain an often unpleasant or behavior in a way that will preserve his or her self-esteem

Question 19

Clique

Answer 19

a small exclusive group of people within a larger group

Question 20

conformity

Answer 20

acting in accordance with some specified authority

Question 21

Gender identity

Answer 21

the sex group ( masculine or feminine) to which an individual biologically belongs

Question 22

gender role

Answer 22

the set of behaviors that society considers appropriate for each sex

Question 23

gender stereotypes

Answer 23

an oversimplified or distorted generalization about the characteristics of men and women

Question 24

Levinson’s male development

Answer 24

Entering adulthood- Not yet a man but not an adolescent
Age thirty crisis- too late for major charges (reexamine life)
Settling down- Career, relationships, family settled
Middle transition- what have i done? what is my legacy?
Middle adulthood- enjoy life

Question 25

Death and dying

Answer 25

Denial- it’s not happening to me
Anger- may alienate themselves from others
bargaining- postpone death for good behavior
depression-(2 aspects) people become aware of their losses from the illness, depressed about the loss that is to come
acceptance-I’m going to die

Question 26

Thanatology

Answer 26

the study of death and dying

Question 27

Sleep cycles (4 stages)

Answer 27

stage 1- your pulse slow and breathing becomes uneven
stage 2- brain waves going from high amplitude to low frequency waves
stage 3- eyes roll slowly from side to side, delta waves sweep your brain
stage 4- deepest of all, REM sleep, more active type of sleep

Question 28

What is latent content?

Answer 28

the hidden psychological meaning of a dream

Question 29

what is manifest content

Answer 29

the actual images, thoughts and content contained within a dream

Question 30

Why do we sleep?

Answer 30

sleep is a way to impose a quiet immobile state

Question 31

parasomnias

Answer 31

any of the various sleep dysfunctions

Question 32

what are night terrors?

Answer 32

sleep disrupting that occur during stage four of sleep, involving screaming panic or confusion

Question 33

What are nightmares?

Answer 33

unpleasant dreams

Question 34

Hypnosis

Answer 34

a state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestibility

Question 35

Stimulants

Answer 35

increase energy; alertness

Question 36

Depressants

Answer 36

relaxant; relieve inhibitions; impair memory and judgement

Question 37

narcotics

Answer 37

decrease pain decrease attention to real world; unpleasant with drawl effects as drug wears off

Question 38

Hallucinogens

Answer 38

cause hallucinations, sensory distortions, and occasional panic

Question 39

Motivation

Answer 39

include the various psychological and physiological and factors that cause us to act a certain way at certain times