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Biology 1 Honors > Semester one exam guide > Flashcards

Semester one exam guide Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False? energy is stored in glucose.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False? ATP has three attached phosphate groups.

A

True

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3
Q

True or False? Autotrophs and heterotrophs carry out respiration.

A

True

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4
Q

Before the Krebs’s cycle can proceed, pyruvic acid must be converted into what?

A

C. Acetyl CoA

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5
Q

The products that result from respiration are what?

A

B. CO2, H2O, and energy

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6
Q

The starting substance of the Krebs Cycle which is regenerated at the end of the Cycle is what?

A

C. Oxaloacetic acid

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7
Q

When cells break down glucose they release what?

A

B. CO2

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8
Q

Glycolysis occurs in the where?

A

D. cytosol

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9
Q

The Krebs Cycle occurs in the what?

A

C. mitochondrial matrix

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9
Q

ATP is synthesized in the electron transport chain when BLANK moves across the mitochondrial membrane.

A

B. Protons

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10
Q

During glycolysis, glucose is…?

A

B. Partially broken down and some energy is released

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11
Q

Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation both produce what?

A

D. NAD+ from NADH and H+

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12
Q

In lactic acid fermentation…?

A

A. NAD+ is regenerated for use in glycolysis

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13
Q

What is the process that releases chemical energy for use by the cell?

A

respiration

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14
Q

Pathway of aerobic respiration in which FADH2 is produced.

A

Krebs Cycles

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15
Q

In aerobic respiration, one molecule of glucose produces ten molecules of what?

A

NADH

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16
Q

unit of energy

A

kilocalorie

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17
Q

location of electron transport chain in prokaryotes

A

cell membrane

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18
Q

Location of glycolysis

A

cytosol

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19
Q

What is the complete and balanced equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——–> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

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20
Q

What molecule determines whether pyruvic acid will undergo fermentation or the Krebs Cycle?

A

Oxygen

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21
Q

What molecule does the Krebs Cycles make that the electron transport chain uses?

A

NADH and FADH2

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22
Q

What molecule made during glycolysis is used in later during steps in fermentation?

A

Pyruvic acid

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23
Q

True or false: The rate of photosynthesis is independent of temperature but is affected by changes in light intensity

A

false

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24
Q

True or false: C4 and CAM plants use less water to produce the same amount of carbohydrate as C3 plants

A

false

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25
Q

True or false: Plant cells use light to make ATP and NADPH

A

true

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26
Q

True or false: Carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, will react to form sugars and oxygen gas

A

True

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27
Q

True or false: The major light-absorbing pigment in plants is chlorophyll

A

true

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28
Q

True or false: photosystems are clusters of light-absorbing pigments located on the thylakoids of a chloroplast

A

true

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29
Q

True or false: When light hits a plant, all the wavelengths are absorbed and used to make sugar

A

false

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30
Q

True or false: In photosynthesis, light energy is used to break down a molecule of glucose

A

false

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31
Q

True or false: Most plants carry out CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism).

A

false

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32
Q

True or false: The light reactions of photosynthesis can occur only under light conditions, and the dark reactions occur only during the dark hours.

A

False

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33
Q

True or False: Animals that live exclusively on a diet of other animals are unable to use carbohydrates to fuel their life processes.

A

False

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34
Q

Chlorophyll a:

A

absorbs mostly orange - red and blue - violet light

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35
Q

The photosystems and electron transport chains are in the:

A

thylakoid membrane

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36
Q

Both Photosystems l and Photosystem ll:

A

contain chlorophyll a molecules

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37
Q

Water participates directly in the light reactions of photosynthesis by:

A

donating electrons to photosystem ll

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38
Q

The energy that is used to establish the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane comes from :

A

splitting of water

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39
Q

Organic compounds that can be made from the products of the Calvin cycle include:

A

carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids

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40
Q

C3 and C4 plants differ in terms of the number of:

A

carbon atoms in the compound that CO2 is initially incorporated to

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41
Q

As light intensity increase, the rate of photosynthesis:

A

initially increases and then levels off

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42
Q

what product of the light reactions of photosynthesis is released and does not participate further in photosynthesis

A

O2

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43
Q

Where does the energy required for the Calvin cycle originate?

A

ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions

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44
Q

Protons are moved into the thylakoid using energy from:

A

ATP

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45
Q

Carbon atoms are fixed into organic compounds in:

A

electron transport chain

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46
Q

to produce the same amount of carbohydrate, C4 plants require less:

A

carbon dioxide than C3 plants

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47
Q

The number of phosphate groups in an ADP molecule is:

A

Two

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48
Q

ATPase is an enzyme used to BLANK phosphate groups.

A

break off

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49
Q

Read the false statement and correct. High - energy electrons move along the thylakoid membrane from photosystem l to photosystem ll.

A

photosystem l and photosystem ll switch places in sentence

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50
Q

Read the false statement and correct. The oxygen atoms in the oxygen gas produced in photosynthesis come from carbon dioxide.

A

carbon dioxide should be water in the sentence.

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51
Q

Read the false statement and correct. Stomata of pineapples are open only partially during the day.

A

day should be night in the sentence.

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52
Q

Read the false statement and correct. ATPsynthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of ATP.

A

ATPsynthase should be ATPase in the sentence.

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53
Q

Read the false statement and correct. In photosynthesis, light is used to break down carbohydrates.

A

carbohydrates should be water in the sentence

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54
Q

what are the reactant of photosynthesis (not just the light / dark reactions)

A

H2O and CO2

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55
Q

what are the overall end products of photosynthesis (not just the light / dark reactions)

A

oxygen and glucose

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56
Q

what is an example of a plant that uses the C4 pathway?

A

corn

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57
Q

What are the end products of light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

ATP and NADPH

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58
Q

what is the region of the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle occurs?

A

stroma

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59
Q

what is the region of the chloroplast where the light reactions occur

A

lumen / thylakoids

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60
Q

what are the pores that regulate the movement of CO2 into and out of a plant

A

stomata

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61
Q

site of calvin cycle

A

stroma

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62
Q

accessory pigment

A

chlorophyll b

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63
Q

site of light reactions

A

thylakoids

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64
Q

relies on a concentration gradient of protons

A

chemiosmosis

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65
Q

first stage of photosynthesis

A

light reactions

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66
Q

pigment directly involved in light reactions

A

chlorophyll a

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67
Q

adaptation to hot, dry climate

A

CAM pathway

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68
Q

In the Calvin cycle, there are BLANK molecules of ATP use and BLANK molecules of NADPH used in each turn

A

3, 2

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69
Q

Using (CH2O) as the general formula for a carbohydrate, write the simplest overall equation for photosynthesis

A

(sunlight) + H2O + CO2 —–> CH2O + O2

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70
Q

Describe the structure of a chloroplast. Be sure to include thylakoids, stroma, grana, and lumen.

A

The structure of a chloroplast is comprised of thylakoids, the stroma, grana, and the lumen. Thylakoids are flattened sacs and a stack of these thylakoids is called a grana. A sugar substance surrounds this and is called the stroma. The lumen is found inside of the thylakoids and is where the light reactions occur.

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71
Q

Stomata can open and close in response to changes in the CO2 concentration inside a leaf. Would you expect stomata to open or close if the CO2 concentration decreased? Explain.

A

I would expect the stomata of a leaf to open if the CO2 concentration decreased so that more CO2 could be let in.

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72
Q

The three substances produced when water molecules are broken down during the light reactions are:

A

oxygen
protons
electrons

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73
Q

which does not belong and why?
electron transport chain
chemiosmosis
calvin cycle
photosystem ll

A

The Calvin cycle is the only one that is light-independent.

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74
Q

Explain the function of accessory pigments

A

Accessory pigments are pigments that you can see whenever there is not enough sunlight for the color of the chlorophyll to be present.

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75
Q

Which photosystem (l or ll) most likely evolved first and explain why.

A

Photosystem ll likely evolved first because it denotes electrons to photosystem l causing sunlight to hit the water splitting it into oxygen, protons, and electrons.

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76
Q

Why does the rate of photosynthesis increase, peak, and the decrease as temperature increases?

A

The rate of photosynthesis increases, peaks, and then decreases as temperature increases, because the rate of photosynthesis changes depending on the amount of sunlight it is receiving.

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77
Q

What are the pancakes of the photosynthetic world?

A

thylakoids / grana is the stack

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78
Q

What is the pancake syrup of the photosynthetic world?

A

stroma

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79
Q

What is another term for the Calvin Cycle?

A

Dark reaction, light-independent reactions

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80
Q

True or false: Diffusion is the movement of particles from areas of lower to areas of higher concentration

A

false

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81
Q

True or false: Contractile vacuoles collect excess water and squeeze it out of the cell

A

True

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82
Q

True or false: Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are examples of exocytosis.

A

False

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83
Q

True or false: The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against the concentration gradient

A

true

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84
Q

True or false: Active transport is the movement of particles in response to random molecular movement

A

false

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85
Q

True or false: Oxygen molecules enter the cell by osmosis

A

false

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86
Q

True or false: A cell with a high turgor pressure is probably in a hypotonic solution

A

true

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87
Q

True or false: In active transport, energy is required to move a substance across a cell membrane.

A

true

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88
Q

True or false: Gated channels provide a mechanism for active transport

A

false

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89
Q

True or false: Endocytosis is a form of active transport

A

true

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90
Q

True or false: The outermost surface of a cell membrane is hydrophobic

A

false

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91
Q

True or false: Facilitated diffusion requires a new abosrbtion of energy

A

false

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92
Q

True or false: Osmosis is diffusion of carbon dioxide through a membrane

A

false

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93
Q

True or false: contractile vacuoles pump water into cells

A

false

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94
Q

True or false: Diffusion occurs only in living systems

A

false

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95
Q

True or false: cytolysis occurs when water leaves a cell and the cell wilts

A

false

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96
Q

Diffusion and osmosis are examples of:

A

passive transport

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97
Q

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are both examples of:

A

endocytosis

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98
Q

Which of the following terms describes the condition of a cell that wilts as a result of water loss?

A

plasmolysis

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99
Q

The extent to which plant cell will swell is limited by the:

A

cell wall

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100
Q

The word part cyto- means:

A

cell

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101
Q

Passive transport is the movement of any substance across a membrane without the use of:

A

cell energy

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102
Q

Osmosis is a form of what?

A

diffusion

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103
Q

The part of the cell that function to maintain homeostasis relative the cell’s environment:

A

cell membrane

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104
Q

When turgor pressure of a cell is high, a plant:

A

is rigid

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105
Q

Hypotonic solutions will:

A

swell

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106
Q

Glucose enters a cell by:

A

facilitated diffusion

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107
Q

According to the sodium-potassium pump, as BLANK ions leave, BLANK ions enter the cell.

A

3, 2

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108
Q

When cells in a plant have low turgor pressure, the cell:

A

wilts

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109
Q

Carrier proteins are important in:

A

facilitated diffusion

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110
Q

Some animal cells engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria through the process of:

A

phagocytosis

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111
Q

substances that can pass through cell membranes by diffusion include:

A

oxygen

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112
Q

The contractile vacuole of a paramecium is active when the paramecium is in a BLANK environment.

A

hypotonic

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113
Q

When a human red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic environment, it will:

A

undergo cytolysis

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114
Q

Facilitated diffusion is often used to transport:

A

ions

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115
Q

The word part phago- means:

A

to eat

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116
Q

The energy needed to power the sodium-potassium pump is provided by the:

A

splitting of ATP

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117
Q

Facilitated diffusion carrier proteins and cell-membrane pumps both:

A

are specific for substances they transport

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118
Q

the loss of water from a cell can result in a change from BLANK to BLANK

A

turgor, plasmolysis

119
Q

Na+ ions enter the cells by:

A

diffusing through cannels

120
Q

Which of the following occurs in pinocytosis?

A

fluids move in

121
Q

The sodium-potassium pump transports:

A

molecules spreading out evenly

122
Q

The cell must use energy to transport substances by using:

A

sodium-potassium pump

123
Q

Facilitated diffusion is best interpreted as:

A

a passive form of carrier transport

124
Q

Plasmolysis refers to a cell’s:

A

shriveling

125
Q

“Gated” ion channels function to:

A

Transport by diffusion through the channels

126
Q

During diffusion, molecules tend to move:

A

down their concentration gradient

127
Q

Passages the permit a cell membrane to be permeable:

A

ion channels

128
Q

proteins that aid in the transport of molecules across the cell membrane:

A

carrier proteins

129
Q

“gated” ion channels are passages across all membranes that are controlled by:

A

stimuli / proteins

130
Q

bacteria ingest food through the process of:

A

phagocytosis

131
Q

movement of molecules in response to a concentration gradient

A

diffusion

132
Q

Packaged proteins are removed from cells through the process of:

A

Exocytosis

133
Q

The passive form of carrier transport is called:

A

diffusion

134
Q

A cell that looks shriveled has undergone the process of what?

A

playmolysis

135
Q

Explain what happens when a freshwater plant is placed in seawater.

A

When a freshwater plant is placed in sea water, water leaves the cell to try and dilute the salt in the water around it causing the cell to undergo plasmolysis due to the lack of water in the cell.

136
Q

Explain the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis.

A

Pinocytosis is the process by which cells ingest fluids while phagocytosis is when cells ingest large macromolecules.

137
Q

Explain the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis.

A

Endocytosis is when cells ingest fluids, large insoluble molecules, or other things, and exocytosis is when cell get rid of those things.

138
Q

Describe the following solutions by explaining the direction of water’s movement and why.
Isotonic

A

-water goes in and out of the cell at the same rate
-same amount of solute in and out of the cell
-equilibrium

139
Q

Describe the following solutions by explaining the direction of water’s movement and why.
hypotonic

A

-Water goes into the cell to dilute the solute
-More solute inside the cell than outside
-may burst / cytolysis

140
Q

Describe the following solutions by explaining the direction of water’s movement and why.
Hypertonic

A

-Water leaves the cell to so that the inside of the cell does not have more solvent than solute
-More solute outside of the cell than inside
-may shrivel and wilt / plasmolysis

141
Q

In the boxes, draw a cell in each of the solutions and label the water and solute molecules.
Isotonic

A

blob with the same amount of dots on the inside and outside, label arrows of H2O going in and out

142
Q

In the boxes, draw a cell in each of the solutions and label the water and solute molecules.
Hypotonic

A

blob with more dots inside than outside, label arrows of H2O going in

143
Q

In the boxes, draw a cell in each of the solutions and label the water and solute molecules.
Hypertonic

A

blob with more dots outside than inside, label arrows of H2O going out

144
Q

outer boundary of the cell

A

plasma membrane

145
Q

digests molecules, old organelles, etc.

A

lysosome

146
Q

cellular structure on which proteins are made

A

ribosome

147
Q

transfers energy to ATP

A

mitochondrion

148
Q

prepares proteins for export and synthesizes steroids

A

endoplasmic reticulum

149
Q

Ribosomes are found on the BLANK endoplasmic reticulum

A

rough

150
Q

Spherical organelle that is the site of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

151
Q

scientist who first concluded that all animals are made up of cells:

A

Schwann

152
Q

cytoskeleton of a cell is composed of these three protein structures:

A

microfilaments
microtubules
intermediate filaments

153
Q

kinds of molecules that had “heads” and “tails”

A

phospholipids

154
Q

Level of biological organization represented by the heart:

A

organ

155
Q

In multicellular organisms, tissues group together to form:

A

organs

156
Q

Two types of organic molecules found in a cell membrane:

A

phospholipids and not carbohydrates but probably proteins

157
Q

True or false: Robert Hooke was the first person to observe living organisms

A

false

158
Q

True or false: skin is an example of a tissue

A

false

159
Q

True or false: most plant cells lack lysosomes

A

true

160
Q

True or false: Cristae are part of cell’s mitochondria

A

true

161
Q

True or false: An organ may contain more than one type of cell

A

true

162
Q

The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane:

A

all of these

163
Q

Which of the following is one difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

eukaryotes contain mitochondria

164
Q

the discovery cells is liked most directly with:

A

the development of the microscope

165
Q

Microscopes were used to study cells beginning in the:

A

17th century

166
Q

Which scientist determined that cells come only from other cells?

A

Virchow

167
Q

As a cell becomes smaller, its surface area to volume ratio:

A

increases

168
Q

Which of the following could be found in prokaryote

A

flagellum

169
Q

Which part of the plasma membrane helps cells recognize each other

A

carbohydrates

170
Q

Which of the following helps plant cells remain rigid?

A

central vacuole

171
Q

Which of the following organelles enable plants to make carbohydrates for carbon dioxide and water?

A

chloroplast

172
Q

The nucleus of a cell contains all of the follow except:

A

mitochondria

173
Q

Which type of molecule is found in the plasma membrane:

A

All of these

174
Q

In which of the following types of cells would you expect to find many mitochondria

A

muscle

175
Q

The fluid mosaic model describes the:

A

cell membrane

176
Q

Which of the following is a basic component of the cell wall?

A

cellulose

177
Q

Which of the following is an example of a plant organ?

A

root

178
Q

Which of the following is found in animal cells?

A

nuclear envelope

179
Q

which of the following scientists first determined that all plants are made of cells?

A

Schleiden

180
Q

Which organelle selectively destroys tissue to shape the body during development?

A

lysosome

181
Q

A prokaryotic cell came to live inside a eukaryotic cell and evolved into

A

mitochondria

182
Q

State the cell theory

A

all cells come from other cells
cell are the basic unit of life’s functions
all living things are made of cells

183
Q

name two different kinds of animal cells and describe how their shape is related to their function

A

White blood cells can change shape to fit through narrow passageways and skin cells are flat allowing to cover your body and flake off once dead.

184
Q

What are three differences between plant and animal cells?

A

Plant cells contain a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and plastids, while animal cells do not.

185
Q

What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism in order from the basic unit

A

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

186
Q

What are some things that the lysosome can digest?

A

enzymes and any other extra waste in the cell, such as nucleolus and old organelles

187
Q

How are the organs of a multicellular organism like the organelles of a single cell?

A

The organs of a multicellular organism have specialized functions in the multicellular organism just like the organelles do in a single cell.

188
Q

Give three examples of animal organs and three examples of plant organs

A

animal- liver, lungs, heart
plant- stem, leaf, roots

189
Q

Where is the nucleolus and what is its function?

A

The nucleolus is found inside of the nucleus and its function is to create ribosomes

190
Q

What is the internal structure of both cilia and flagella and what is the main function of both cilia and flagella?

A

The internal structure of both cilia and flagella are made of nine microtubules surrounding two other microtubules and the main function of both of them is to help with movement

191
Q

What is the greatest difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER

A

rough ER contains ribosomes

192
Q

What are the three substances plant cell walls are made of?

A

cellulose, pectin, Ligman

193
Q

True or False: A nucleotide contains a five-carbon sugar

A

true

194
Q

True or False: A large polymer is called a macromolecule

A

true

195
Q

True or False: steroids are found in both plants and animals

A

true

196
Q

True or False: water is an effective solvent of polar molecules

A

true

197
Q

True or False: Isomers differ in molecular composition

A

false

198
Q

True or False: the cell membrane is composed of mostly lipids

A

true

199
Q

True or False: the linkage of an enzyme to its substrate strengthens the chemical bonds of the substrate

A

false

200
Q

True or False: the hydrocarbon end of a fatty acid molecule is hydrophilic

A

false

201
Q

True or False: water is a polar compound

A

true

202
Q

True or False: Enzymes are reused by the cell

A

true

203
Q

True or False: the monomers of a DNA molecule are nucleotides

A

true

204
Q

True or False: When two carbohydrates monomers join, a dipeptide results

A

false

205
Q

True or False: functional groups are groups of carbon compounds that confer specific properties to compounds

A

false

206
Q

Which of the following sugars is a disaccharide?

A

sucrose

207
Q

Which of the following types of polymers is composed of carbon rings?

A

steroids

208
Q

Long fatty acid chains joined to long alcohol chain form the type of lipid called:

A

a wax

209
Q

The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in a carbohydrate is:

A

2:1

210
Q

The breakdown of polymers into monomers occurs through a process known as:

A

hydrolysis

211
Q

Insulin is best categorized as a:

A

protein

212
Q

How many electrons does a carbon atom have in its outer energy level?

A

4

213
Q

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

A

sucrose

214
Q

amino acids are monomers of:

A

proteins

215
Q

A triglyceride is a type of:

A

lipid

216
Q

The skin of animals is made primarily of:

A

protein

217
Q

The polysaccharide that strengthens plant cells is called:

A

cellulose

218
Q

C6H12O6 is an example of a molecular formula for a:

A

sugar

219
Q

A disaccharide is classified as a:

A

carbohydrate

220
Q

Which of the following molecules is a storage form of glucose in animals?

A

glycogen

221
Q

Which of the following components is part of a nucleotide?

A

phosphate group

222
Q

Two polysaccharides that store glucose are:

A

starch and glycogen

223
Q

A phospholipid molecule contains all of the following except:

A

three fatty acids

224
Q

A lipid is composed of the elements carbon, oxygen, and:

A

hydrogen

225
Q

Plants store glucose in the form of a polysaccharide called:

A

starch?

226
Q

A polypeptide is formed from the bonding of three or more:

A

amino acids?

227
Q

Compounds consisting of repeated linked units are known as:

A

polymer?

228
Q

Each unit of a polymer is called:

A

monomer

229
Q

Triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are called:

A

unsaturated

230
Q

ratio of one carbon; two hydrogen: one Oxygen

A

carbohydrate

231
Q

cluster of atoms that influence the molecules they compose

A

functional group

232
Q

molecule made of repeating units

A

polymer

233
Q

functions in protein synthesis

A

RNA

234
Q

forms large molecules from smaller ones

A

condensation reaction

235
Q

monomer / subunit of most lipids

A

fatty acid

236
Q

Explain how the variety of organic compounds would be different if carbon had seven electrons in its outermost energy level instead of four.

A

There would be much less variety in organic compounds if carbon had seven valence electrons instead of four because it would be able to bond with less.

237
Q

How do the triglycerides found in animals differ from those found in plants?

A

Triglycerides in animals are in the form of saturated fats while triglycerides in plants are in the form of unsaturated oils.

238
Q

Explain the difference between inorganic and organic compounds. Be sure to site two examples of each.

A

Organic compounds are all mostly comprised of carbon while inorganic compounds usually do not contain carbon. an example of an inorganic compound is water and salt. an example of an organic compound is a (carbohydrate?).

239
Q

How does a condensation reaction differ from a hydrolysis reaction?

A

A condensation reaction is the formation of a polymer by monomers while a hydrolysis reaction is the breaking down of a polymer to form monomers

240
Q

Arrange the following in size, form smallest to largest: polymer, carbon atoms, monomer, macromolecule

A

carbon atom, monomer, polymer, and a macromolecule

241
Q

List the four organic compound, and name their monomer

A

-carbohydrates, monomer = monosaccharides
-lipids, monomer = fatty acids
-proteins, monomer = amino acids
-nucleic acids, monomer = nucleotides

242
Q

List the three things that make each nucleotide found in RNA and DNA

A

phosphate group
five carbon sugar
nitrogen base

243
Q

True or False: Capillarity occurs when a straw in water has a higher water level than the surrounding container

A

true

244
Q

True or False: Exergonic reactions involve a net absorption of energy

A

false

245
Q

True or False: Particles of a liquid have greater kinetic energy than particles of a solid

A

true

246
Q

True or False: the linkage of an enzyme to its substrate probably strengthens the chemical bonds of the substrate

A

false

247
Q

True or False: The atomic number of carbon is six, so it must contain twelve electrons

A

false

248
Q

True or False: Temperature fluctuations in the cell are minimized as a result of the adhesive property of water

A

false

249
Q

True or False: water is an effective solvent of polar molcules

A

true

250
Q

True or False: In comparison to other liquids, water cools down very quickly

A

false

251
Q

True or False: Plasma is aqueous solution that contains dissolved nutrients and gases

A

true

252
Q

True or False: The burning of paper is an endergonic reaction

A

false

253
Q

True or False: When pure water dissociates, it contains an equal number of hydroxide ions and hydronium ions

A

true

254
Q

True or False: Sodium chloride is an example of a compound formed by ionic bonding.

A

true

255
Q

The breaking up of an ionic compound is know as:

A

dissociation

256
Q

Of the following elements, the one that is most likely to form ionic bonds is:

A

sodium

257
Q

When water dissociates, it forms:

A

H+ ions and OH- ions

258
Q

What are aqueous solutions containing a high concentration of hydronium ions called?

A

acids

259
Q

Reduction-oxidation reactions:

A

involve a transfer of electrons between atoms

260
Q

In chemical reactions, the number of each kind of atom in the reactant is:

A

the same as in the products

261
Q

Term for a solution in which no additional solid will dissolve:

A

Super Saturated Solution

262
Q

Term for a solution in which solute “falls out” of solution:

A

Super Saturated Solution

263
Q

Defined as the ability to do work:

A

energy

264
Q

absorbs free energy

A

endergonic reaction

265
Q

particle composed of one or more atoms

A

molecule

266
Q

releases free energy

A

exergonic reaction

267
Q

Do the chemicals that digest nutrients in the stomach work only in ana acidic or basic environment? Explain.

A

The chemicals that digest nutrients in the stomach work only in an acidic environment because the acid is needed to break down the proteins in our food.

268
Q

Define: acid solution. What is the pH range of acids? what is the pH of the strongest acid? Give an example of an acid solution.

A

An acid solution is comprised of more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions. The pH range of an acid is 0-7. The pH of the strongest acid is 0. An example of an acid solution is acid rain.

269
Q

Explain why water can soak through a piece of fabric or paper, while some other liquids will remain only on the surface of the same fabric or paper. Hint: think about one of water’s unique properties…

A

This is because of adhesion which is the tendency of water to stick to a different surface.

270
Q

Explain why water is a good solvent.

A

Water is a good solvent because of its polarity and positive and negative charges.

271
Q

List two aqueous solutions important to living things.

A

Kool-aid, rain

272
Q

give an example of an acid solution

A

lemon juice

273
Q

give an example of a basic solution

A

ammonia

274
Q

define buffer

A

a neutralizer for substances that are only a little bit acidic or a little bit basic

275
Q

To maintain internal organization, all living things must have a constant supply of:

A

energy

276
Q

A small part used to represent an entire population is called a:

A

sample

277
Q

a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and 25x objective lens has a total magnification power of:

A

250x

278
Q

An example of a domain is:

A

Eukarya

279
Q

Photosynthesis is a part of a plant’s:

A

metabolism

280
Q

a “tree of life” explains:

A

all of these

281
Q

power to show details clearly in an image

A

resolution

282
Q

sum of all chemical processes of an organism

A

metabolism

283
Q

produces greatly magnified image of internal detail

A

TEM

284
Q

structure made of tissues

A

organ

285
Q

produces greatly magnified images of surface details

A

SEM

286
Q

True or False + correcting: The process in which a zygote becomes a mature individual is called phylogeny

A

false, development

287
Q

True or False + correct: Cell enlargement is the orderly formation of new cells from a parent cell

A

false, cell division and enlargement

288
Q

True or False + correcting: In general, resolution is higher in a light microscope than that in an electron microscope.

A

False, resolution is higher in an electron microscope because it scans vacuum sealed electrons

289
Q

All living things maintaining a balance within cells and the environment called:

A

homeostasis?

290
Q

In an electron microscope, an electron beam is focused by:

A

magnets

291
Q

Estimating the number of a population using a smaller population:

A

sampling

292
Q

The lens closest to the specimen on a light microscope is called:

A

objective lens

293
Q

What is natural selection?

A

natural selection is the process by which a female chooses the best possible mate so that her children may have a higher survival rate possibly causing a poor trait to die out of a species.

294
Q

Arrange the following parts in order that matches the light path through a light microscope: specimen, ocular lens, objective lens, light source, stage, body tube.

A

light source to stage to specimen to objective lens to body tube to ocular lens

Biology 1 Honors (2 decks)

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