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Physical Education Studies > Semester One Exam > Flashcards

Semester One Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Fit Body Characteristics

A 
Higher work output
Effect heart and lungs
Additional energy reserves
Lower body fat
Good muscle fat
Lower resting heart rate
Decreased stress on body during physical activity
Faster recovery time
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1
Q

Fitness

A

The capability of the heart blood vessel, lungs and muscles to function at optimal efficiency. Fitness aims to restore and support the normal physiological functioning of the body. Fitness is last through inactivity and age

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2
Q

Health Related Components of Fitness

A 
Cardio Respiratory Endurance
Muscular Strength
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility 
Body Composition
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3
Q

Cardio Respiratory Endurance

A

The capacity of the body to be involved in continuous physical activity for an extended period of time. Tests to determine this are, VO2 Max Test, Harvard Step Test and Beep Test

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4
Q

Muscular Strength

A

Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle or a group of muscles to exert a force against a resistance in a singular muscular function Eg. grip test

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5
Q

Muscular Endurance

A

Is the ability of a muscle or a muscle group to exert force repeatedly over an extended period of time or sustain a contract for an extended period of time. Sit ups, flexed arm hangs and push ups are examples of tests for it

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6
Q

Flexibility

A

Capacity of a joint to move full range or bend, stretch and twist without injury eg sit and reach

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7
Q

Body Composition

A

Indicates the percentage of fat, muscle and bone that make up body weight. Tests; skin measurements, specific gravity method and body mass index

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8
Q

Performance Related Components of Fitness

A 
Power
Speed
Agility 
Reaction Time
Co-ordination
Balance
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9
Q

Power

A

Muscle power is the ability to real release maximum force quickly. Combination of strength and speed to produce an explosive action. Test; standing long jump and standing vertical jump

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10
Q

Speed

A

Ability to perform a movement or cover a distance in a short period of time. Tests: sprints

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11
Q

Agility

A

Change the position of the body quickly and efficiently whilst retaining balance; Illinois Agility Run

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12
Q

Reaction Time

A

Time between receiving a signal to move and the actual physical response; ruler dropping test

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13
Q

Co-ordination

A

Ability of the boy sense, nervous systems and muscles to perform specific movements smoothly and accurately; juggling

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14
Q

Balance

A

Maintaining the body equilibrium whilst stationary or in motion; beam balance

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15
Q

Improving Fitness

A

Differences in abilities may differ because of genetic limitation and influences from previous experiences

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16
Q

Training

A

Warm Up
Conditioning Phase
Cool Down

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17
Q

Warm Up

A

Reduces risk of muscle injury and soreness
Increases blood flow
Increases body temperature
Lubricates muscles and joints
Decreases muscle tension
Stimulates heart and lungs moderately
Alerts nervous system to fit physical and mental demands

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18
Q

Conditioning Phase

A

Intensity to reach 70-85% of maximum heart rate

Intensity and duration caries on fitness level

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19
Q

Cool Down

A

Slowly bringing intensity down until 100bpm
Followed by stretching to reduce risk of injury and soreness
Effective cool downs decrease body temperature and heart rate

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20
Q

Classification of Motor Skills

A

Classified according to particular characteristics and factors that need to be taken into account in individuals performance

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21
Q

Elements to Classify Skills

A 
Muscle involvement 
Continuity 
Pacing 
Environmental Impact
Complexity
22
Q

Muscle Involvement

A

Gross motor skills involve large muscle groups in the movement of the whole body; running and swimming

Fine motor skills involve small movements of specific body parts and require precision and control; darts, archery

23
Q

Continuity

A

The continuum for continuity has three key points;
Discrete
Serial
Continuous

24
Q

Discrete (Continuity)

A

Discrete skills have a distinct beginning and end
Short in duration
Eg. forward roll, throw, kick

25
Q

Serial (Continuity)

A

Serial skills are made up of a number of discrete skills
Performed in a particular order to make one integrated movement
Lay up

26
Q

Continuous (Continuity)

A

Continuous skills have no distinct beginning to end
Can be continued for as long as wishes
Running swimming

27
Q

Pacing

A

The continuum for pacing takes into account the performers control over timing of the skill

28
Q

Self Paced (Pacing)

A

Self paced skills, where the timing of the skill is entirely controlled by the performer eg tennis serve

29
Q

Externally Paced (Pacing)

A

Factors outside of the control of the performer determine timing and execution of the skill eg batting in cricket

30
Q

Environmental Impact

A

The continuum for environmental impact is based on the extent to which environmental conditions affect the performance of the skill; open or closed

31
Q

Closed Skills (EI)

A

Closed skills are performed in stable, predictable environment
No uncertainty or change in conditions
Eg free throw, diving or weight lighting

32
Q

Open Skills (EI)

A

Are those in which the conditions of the game are continually moving and being varied by what is going on around the performer eg team sports, weather

33
Q

Complexity

A

The continuum for complexity ranged from simple to complex
Running is simple
Lay up is complex

34
Q

Factors Affecting Complexity

A 
Number of cues
Amount of info being processed
Number of decisions being made
Speed and accuracy required 
Degree of coordination required
Type bad timing of feedback
35
Q

Fitts and Posner Model

A

The process of developing from an unskilled performed into a skills one and it involves three phases; cognitive, associative and autonomous

36
Q

Cognitive Phase

A

Athlete tries to gain understanding of process
Errors are large in number and size
Athlete has little capacity to correct own errors
Instructions and feedback is beneficial

37
Q

Associative Phase

A 
Able to perform basic skill
Better able to adjust to the environment when performing
Errors are less in number and size 
Begins to detect and correct errors
Encourage to use their own feedback
38
Q

Autonomous

A

Doesn’t consciously think about their specific movement of skill
Perform other tasks at same time
Low performance variability
Detect and correct errors

39
Q

Skill

A

Used to describe element of sport/game/activity and the ability to carry out a task and imply the quality of performance of task; cognitive or motor

40
Q

Cognitive

A

Mental skill that larger involved the though process eg chess

41
Q

Motor

A

Learnt ability to bring about predetermined results with maximum efficiency and minimal outlay of energy. Physical skill that require body movement eg running

42
Q

Essential Elements of Skill

A

Skill involves a complex sequence of movements
Skill is learned; requiring practice and results from experience
Skill is goal directed
Skilled performer achieves predetermined results with consistency
Skill results in precise and co ordinated movement which is economic and efficient

43
Q

Characteristics of a Skilled Movement

A

The characteristics of a skilled movement relate to increased speed, accuracy and consistency of execution of the skill. Skill is relative to the individual

44
Q

Perceptive Sense

A

Ability to interpret sensory information and rapidly discriminate between irrelevant and relevant cues

45
Q

Kinaesthetic Sense

A

Ability to feel the body during the performance of the skill

46
Q

Anticipated

A

Ability to predict what might happen and respond accordingly

47
Q

Timing

A

Ability to predict what might happen and respond accordingly

48
Q

Timing

A

Ability to effectively join movements together into a sequence

49
Q

Learning Process

A

Four main processes; perceiving, deciding, acting and evaluating

50
Q

Perceiving

A

Data is received by sight, hearing and touch
Go to brain which makes sense of it
Cumulative effect of these give performed perception on what is required

51
Q

Deciding (Process)

A

Makes sense of data and formulated response
Perceptual Mechanism - organises and interprets sensory information
Decision Making Mech- decisions are made for appropriate physical response
Effector mechanism - initiates and controls movement

52
Q

Acting (Response)

A

Signals neuromuscular system to respond accordingly; in order to perform necessary movements

53
Q

Evaluating (Feedback)

A

Performer will receive feedback from coach/observer regarding success
Feedback is then compared against what the ideal movement was and adjustments are made accordingly

Physical Education Studies (5 decks)

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