Semester One Flashcards
There will be 47 questions from this section making up 40% of the exam.
The most ancient type of organisms on Earth originated: A. 4,004 years ago B. 7,200 years ago C. 2 million years ago D. 3.5 billion years ago E. 13 billion years ago
D
Because they differ from all other living organisms by lacking a discrete nucleus and many other cell inclusions, Bacteria and Archaea are considered to be: A. karyoki B. prophasic C. histrionic D. prophylactic E. prokaryotic
E
Which of the following is NOT true of horizontal (lateral) transfer of genetic information?
A. transfers genes from parent to progeny
B. increases genetic diversity
C. is important for inferring phylogeny
D. can produce large genetic change
E. occurs commonly in bacteria
A
A protein that can move protons and other ions across a cellular membrane is called a: A. peristaltic pump B. proton pump C. osmotic pump D. transferase E. stile
B
Archaea are resistant to damage by harsh conditions because their membrane lipids, unlike those of Bacteria and Eukaryota, have: A. ether linkages B. proton pumps C. sulfhydryl linkages D. transferases E. cytoskeletons
A
Archaea have very diverse environmental requirements and tolerances. From what you have learned about them, which among the following conditions or substances do ALL archaeans require for survival and reproduction? A. oxygen B. water C. moderate pH D. moderate temperature E. moderate salinity
B
Which of the following characteristics do not occur in ANY cyanobacterium? A. undergoes photosynthesis B. poisons natural bodies of water C. generates oxygen D. generates methane E. detects the Earth's magnetic field
D
The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: A. thylakoids B. mitochondria C. pili D. vesicles E. vibrios
A
There is great diversity of shape among microbes. Form is one of the ways different taxa can be distinguished. Which of the following shapes are not found among the microbes? A. rods B. spheres C. octagons D. curved shapes E. spirals
C
Which of the following is NOT a function of slimy mucilage in microbes?
A. protects against the host’s immune system
B. binds nutrients
C. serves as a flotation device
D. prevents desiccation (drying out)
E. protects against ultraviolet radiation
E
Microorganisms may aggregate and glue themselves to teeth to form dental plaque. This is an example of \:A. a biofilm B. a dentifrice C. halitosis D. a dontoid layer E. annealed enamel
A
Some individual microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. The aggregation that forms responds collectively to stimuli and moves in common to new sites and secretes mucilage. This process is called: A. pre-sociality B. muco-aggregation C. archae sociality D. quorum sensing E. mass-settling
D
Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria?
A. They maintain cell shape.
B. They prevent cross-fertilization.
C. They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt.
D. They protect against other bacteria.
E. They protect against viruses.
B
Which of the following statements is NOT true of Gram-positive bacteria?
A. They have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than do Gram-negative bacteria.
B. They turn purple when subjected to the Gram-staining process whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink.
C. They lack the lipopolysaccharide that Gram-negative bacteria have.
D. They fluoresce at a different color than do Gram-negative bacteria.
E. They have a gram molecular weight of more than 1.0 whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a gram molecular weight of less than 1.0.
E
Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ?
A. Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not.
B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not.
C. The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not.
D. Prokaryotic flagella have a basal apparatus and hook that rotates the filament whereas eukaryotic flagella do not.
E. The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand.
E
Which of the following structures allow microbes to glide across surfaces? A. flagella B. gas vesicles C. microtubules D. filament E. pili
E
Binary fission is: A. cell division by meiosis B. cell division by mitosis C. cell division by simple splitting D. fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) E. exchange of genes between two cells
C
The difference between an akinete and endospore is that:
A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells.
B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely.
C. Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can.
D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can.
E. Akinetes are reproductive structures whereas endospores are dormant, resistant structures.
A
Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by endospore-forming bacteria? A. pneumonia B. botulism C. anthrax D. tetanus E. lockjaw
A
The oldest spores from which bacteria have been successfully cultured were: A. ten weeks old B. ten years old C. 7,000 years old D. 25 million years old E. 250 million years old
E
The process whereby genetic exchange occurs by way of viruses carrying genes from one microbe to another is known as: A. conjugation B. transduction C. transformation D. transubstantiation E. interchange
B
What is the source of energy for a photoautotroph? A. carbon dioxide B. inorganic compounds C. organic compounds D. light E. living hosts
D
The atmosphere and seas of the early Earth lacked oxygen. What kind of organisms could NOT have lived under those conditions? A. obligate aerobes B. obligate anaerobes C. cyanobacteria D. chemoautotrophs E. All of the other choices are correct.
A
