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General Biology I > Semester Final > Flashcards

Semester Final Flashcards

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1
Q

An increase in mass

A

Growth

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2
Q

Multiple tissues in one functioning structure

A

Organ

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3
Q

The application of science

A

Technology

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4
Q

Atom or molecule with an electrical charge

A

Ion

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5
Q

Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures

A

Isomers

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6
Q

Small simple organic molecules

A

Monomers

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7
Q

Repelled by water

A

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

Any 6 carbon sugar

A

Hexose

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9
Q

What is another name for the Reduction/ Oxidation Reaction?

A

Redox Reaction

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10
Q

What type of fatty acid has one double bond in a chain?

A

Monounsaturated Fatty Acid

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11
Q

What is “hydrogenated vegetable oil”?

A

Margarine and Shortening

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12
Q

What is 70% of human body weight?

A

Water

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13
Q

What type of fatty acid is associated with plant oils?

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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14
Q

Most abundant organic molecule on Earth

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

Any 5 carbon sugar

A

Pentose

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16
Q

Molecular structures (groups of atoms) incorporated into organic molecules

A

Functional Group

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17
Q

Line of reasoning using specific information to form broad generalizations

A

Inductive Reasoning

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18
Q

What is the process of a substance gaining electrons or H atoms

A

Reduction

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19
Q

What type of fatty acid has carbons bonded by single bonds?

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

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20
Q

Attracted to water

A

Hydrophillic

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21
Q

A group of organisms of the same species

A

Population

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22
Q

What type of fatty acid has 2 or more double bonds in a chain?

A

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

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23
Q

What is the most common monosaccharide?

A

Glucose

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24
Q

Substance that resists pH change

A

Buffer

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25
Q

Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers

A

Isotopes

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26
Q

In redox reactions, what must occur together?

A

Reduction and Oxidation

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27
Q

Compound formed when the H+ of an acid is replaced by some other cation

A

Salt

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28
Q

Atoms held together by sharing electrons

A

Covalent Bonds

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29
Q

Energy storage carbohydrate produced by animals

A

Glycogen

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30
Q

What is the main component of plant cell walls?

A

Cellulose

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31
Q

An atom’s attraction for electrons

A

Electronegativity

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32
Q

Concept supported by a large amount of physical evidence

A

Theory

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33
Q

All the living organisms in one place and one time

A

Community

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34
Q

Sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom (for a particular isotope)

A

Mass Number

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35
Q

Fungal cell walls and anthropod exoskeletons

A

Chitin

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36
Q

Outermost shell

A

Valence Shell

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37
Q

Long chain or network of monomers

A

Polymer

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38
Q

Any 3 carbon sugar

A

Triose

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39
Q

What always contains C and H?

A

Organic Molecules

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40
Q

Molecule composed of C and H only

A

Hydrocarbons

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41
Q

Weak attraction between a Hydrogen with a partial (weak) positive charge and an Oxygen or Nitrogen with a partial (weak) negative charge

A

Hydrogen Bond

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42
Q

A community plus the nonliving environment

A

Ecosystem

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43
Q

What reaction involves the transfer of electrons from one substance to another

A

Redox Reaction

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44
Q

Line of reasoning using accepted generalizations to suggest the outcome of a specific situation

A

Deductive Reasoning

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45
Q

Ions with a positive charge

A

Cations

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46
Q

Substance that dissociates and releases OH- ions

A

Base

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47
Q

All the Earth’s ecosystems

A

Biosphere

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48
Q

What are radioactive isotopes?

A

Radioisotopes

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49
Q

What is the isomer of glucose?

A

Fructose

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50
Q

A carbohydrate and a protein

A

Glycoprotein

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51
Q

Number of moles of solute per liter of solution

A

Molarity

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52
Q

When polymers are broken down to monomers

A

Hydrolysis

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53
Q

What can bond with more elements than any other type of atom?

A

Carbon

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54
Q

What causes water to be an excellent solvent?

A

Polarity

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55
Q

Simplifying a problem down to its component parts

A

Reductionism

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56
Q

Average number of protons plus neutrons in the atoms of an element

A

Atomic Mass

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57
Q

Characteristics and interactions seen only at higher levels of organization

A

Emergent Properties

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58
Q

Substance that accepts H+ ions

A

Base

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59
Q

What transfers information between generations?

A

DNA

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60
Q

What do adaptations result from?

A

Evolution

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61
Q

Atoms (ions) held together due to opposite charges

A

Ionic Bond

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62
Q

When dealing with PET scans, what does PET stand for?

A

Positron Emission Tomography

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63
Q

What changes unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid?

A

Margarine and Shortening

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64
Q

What is the structure due to hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions?

A

Tertiary Structure

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65
Q

Change in protein shape and loss of function

A

Denaturation

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66
Q

Atoms of 2 or more elements bonded together

A

Compound

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67
Q

The mucus in respiratory and digestive tracts.

A

Glycoprotein

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68
Q

What are DNA and RNA?

A

Nucleic Acids

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69
Q

Material in which substances dissolve

A

Solvent

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70
Q

The sum of the atomic masses of each atom in a molecule

A

Molecular Mass

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71
Q

What are the 4 major categories of organic molecules in organisms?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic Acids
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72
Q

2 rings of sugar

A

Disaccharide

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73
Q

What type of fatty acid acts as a solid?

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

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74
Q

The process of a substance losing electrons or H atoms

A

Oxidation

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75
Q

All chemical activities in an organism; highly controlled; within narrow ranges; not random

A

Metabolism

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76
Q

What is the process of testing the hypothesis?

A

Experimenting

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77
Q

Characteristic that enhances an organism’s ability to survive in a particular way of life

A

Adaptation

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78
Q

What are the two types of starch?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

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79
Q

What is “partially hydrogenated vegetable oit”?

A

Trans Fatty Acid

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80
Q

Factor outside the organism or outside the cell

A

Stimulus

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81
Q

How many natural elements are there?

A

92

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82
Q

What determines final protein structure?

A

Sequence of amino acids

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83
Q

What are the 4 levels of protein structure?

A
  1. Primary Structure
  2. Secondary Structure
  3. Tertiary Structure
  4. Quaternary Structure
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84
Q

What type of fatty acid are not all double bonds broken?

A

Trans Fatty Acid

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85
Q

What shows areas of metabolic activity and inactivity?

A

PET scan

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86
Q

Describe the process of hydrolysis

A

Water is inserted into the polymer and it splits it

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87
Q

Experiment where neither the researcher nor the patients know who is the experimental group or control group

A

“double blind’ experiment

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88
Q

Changes in a population due to natural selection (environmental pressure) acting on the genetic variation within a population

A

Evolution

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89
Q

Composed of C, H, O with a 2:1 ratio of H and O

A

Carbohydrates

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90
Q

Most common type of lipid

A

Triacylglycerol

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91
Q

Orderly and controlled growth

A

Development

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92
Q

A carbohydrate and a lipid

A

Glycolipid

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93
Q

What are the symbols for the orbitals?

A

s, p, d, and f

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94
Q

Substance that dissolves and releases H+ ions

A

Acid

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95
Q

Electrons in the valence shell

A

Valence Electrons

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96
Q

Educated guess; tentative explanation

A

Hypothesis

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97
Q

Found in the nucleus and is acidic

A

Nucleic Acids

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98
Q

Composed of one glucose and one fructose

A

Sucrose

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99
Q

What are the 4 elements that account for 96% of the mass of a living organism?

A

O, C, H, N

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100
Q

Energy storage carbohydrate produced by plants

A

Starch

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101
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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102
Q

Out of the animal kingdom, how many species are insects?

A

Around 900,000

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103
Q

Two monomers bond together forming a larger, more complex organic molecule plus a water molecule

A

Condensation Reaction

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104
Q

Molecule composed of 1 ring of sugar

A

Monosaccharide

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105
Q

Field of biology that studies the relationships among organisms

A

Systemics

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106
Q

What structure has a sequence of amino acids?

A

Primary Structure

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107
Q

What is the structure of steroids?

A

4 rings

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108
Q

Fatty acid not made by the human body but required by the body

A

Essential Fatty Acid

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109
Q

Used in light reception in the eyes

A

Retinal

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110
Q

The amino acids humans can not synthesize; must be obtained as intact amino acids in the diet

A

Essential Amino Acids

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111
Q

What is the main function of a triacylglycerol?

A

It is a highly concentrated energy storage

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112
Q

Number of protons in an atom

A

Atomic Number

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113
Q

Substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions

A

Element

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114
Q

Chemical messengers that transfer information between one part of an organism and another

A

Hormones

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115
Q

Ions with a negative charge

A

Anions

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116
Q

How many species are in the animal kingdom?

A

Around 1,000,000

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117
Q

Amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance

A

Specific Heat

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118
Q

The result of adding the solvent to the solute

A

Solution

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119
Q

An experiment in which some of the individuals are not given the experimental treatment

A

Controlled Experiment

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120
Q

What is a monomer for polysaccharides?

A

Monosaccharide

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121
Q

An attempt to understand the physical characteristics of the world based on physical evidence

A

Science

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122
Q

Composed of one glucose and one galactose

A

Lactose

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123
Q

Who receives the treatment being tested?

A

Experimental Group

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124
Q

What type of fatty acid has one or more double bonds between carbons in the chain?

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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125
Q

Transmit information by means of electrical impulses and chemical substances

A

Nerves

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126
Q

Smallest particle with all the characteristics of an element

A

Atom

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127
Q

Covalently bonded substance

A

Molecule

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128
Q

What are the levels of organization in order? (From smallest to biggest)

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Macromolecule
  4. Organelle
  5. Cell
  6. Tissue
  7. Organ
  8. Organ System
  9. Organism
  10. Population
  11. Community
  12. Ecosystem
  13. Biosphere
129
Q

What is Binomial Nomenclature?

A

Scientific Names

130
Q

One fatty acid replaced by a phosphate and choline group thus making part of the molecule polar

A

Phospholipid

131
Q

Composed of two rings of glucose

A

Maltose

132
Q

What does dissociate mean?

A

To split

133
Q

Science of naming and classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

134
Q

The dissolved substance

A

Solute

135
Q

There are approximately how many named species?

A

2,000,000

136
Q

Orderly technique of problem solving used in science

A

Scientific Method

137
Q

Substance held together by ionic bonds

A

Ionic Compound

138
Q

Substance composed of one type of atom

A

Element

139
Q

Who receives the placebo or the current standard treatment?

A

Control Group

140
Q

Group of organisms with a high degree of similarity; an intermating population

A

Species

141
Q

A group of similar cells

A

Tissue

142
Q

How many Essential Amino Acids are there?

A

9

143
Q

The yellow/orange plant pigments

A

Carotenoids

144
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

RiboNucleic Acid

145
Q

What structure is a polypeptide chain but not yet a protein?

A

Primary Structure

146
Q

What type of fatty acid forms a straight line?

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

147
Q

What type of structure has helix or sheet folds and bends into a 3 dimensional shape?

A

Tertiary Structure

148
Q

What can synthesize all the amino acids?

A

Bacteria and Plants

149
Q

What are the 3 components of Nucleotides?

A
  1. 5 carbon sugar
  2. Phosphate group
  3. Nitrogen containing base
150
Q

What structure does polypeptide chain forms a helix or pleated sheet?

A

Secondary Structure

151
Q

What is the structure of a triacylglycerol?

A

Glycerol (an alcohol) plus 3 fatty acids

152
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

153
Q

How do carotenoids function in plants?

A

They function in photosynthesis

154
Q

What are the basic building blocks of all life?

A

Cells

155
Q

What type of fatty acid has the chain bent at each double bond?

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

156
Q

Constant and appropriate internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

157
Q

What does NAD stand for?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

158
Q

What can synthesize 11 of the 20 amino acids?

A

Human adults

159
Q

What form unique chambers (organelles) where specialized reactions can occur?

A

Membranes

160
Q

Controls cell activities due to DNA

A

Nucleus

161
Q

How are cells produced?

A

By division of preexisting cells

162
Q

How do carotenoids function in animals?

A

They form vitamin A and retinal

163
Q

Double layer membrane with pores

A

Nuclear Envelope

164
Q

What type of fatty acid acts as a liquid?

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

165
Q

What type of structure has multiple polypeptide chains bonded together?

A

Quaternary Structure

166
Q

One or more polypeptide chains

A

Protein

167
Q

Result in the exclusion of water from regions of the polypeptide

A

Hydrophobic Interactions

168
Q

Bond between amino acids

A

Peptide Bonds

169
Q

Change in DNA sequence within a gene can change the amino acid sequence

A

Genetics

170
Q

What controls movement into and out of the cell?

A

Plasma Membrane

171
Q

Fluid within the nucleus

A

Nucleoplasm

172
Q

What type of structure is due to hydrogen bonds?

A

Secondary Structure

173
Q

100’s of amino acids

A

Polypeptide

174
Q

What type of fatty acid is associated with animal fats?

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

175
Q

Long thin strands of DNA and protein

A

Chromatin

176
Q

Large prominent structures in plant cells

A

Vacuoles

177
Q

What have a greater tendency to move materials into and out of the cell as needed

A

Animal Cells

178
Q

What are the energy conversion organelles in both plants and animals?

A

Animal- Mitochondria

Plant- Chloroplasts

179
Q

What is the structure of a peroxisome?

A

Vesicle like

180
Q

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose plus O2 yield ATP CO2 and H2O

181
Q

Single celled organisms living in fresh water collect and remove water that enters the cell

A

Contractile Vacuole

182
Q

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

A

Outer membrane, Inner membrane with cristae, and matrix

183
Q

All — cells have mitochondria

A

Eukaryotic Cells

184
Q

What do animal cells use to digest worn out parts?

A

Lysosomes

185
Q

What provides energy for cellular work?

A

ATP

186
Q

What forms food vacuoles in humans?

A

White Blood Cells

187
Q

What determines the number of mitochondria per cell?

A

The energy demands of the cell

188
Q

What coils and condenses to form chromosomes?

A

Chromatin

189
Q

Membrane surrounding a vacuole

A

Tonoplast

190
Q

Single celled organisms that ingest particles such as bacteria or organic debris

A

Food Vacuole

191
Q

What are the effects of lysosome disease?

A
  1. Digestive enzymes are nonfunctional
  2. Lysosome cannot digest cellular garbage
  3. Cellular garbage accumulates
  4. Cell becomes nonfunctional
192
Q

What are contractile vacuoles?

A

Single celled organisms living in fresh water collect and remove water that enters the cell

193
Q

What are the functions of a vacuole in plant cells?

A
  1. Storage area within the cell
  2. Digests worn out cell parts
  3. Maintains turgor pressure
194
Q

How do food vacuoles digest the ingested material?

A

They fuse with lysosomes

195
Q

What type of cell cannot tolerate high turgor pressure produced by the vacuoles due to the lack of a cell wall?

A

Animal Cells

196
Q

How is a secondary lysosome formed?

A

It is a primary lysosome that joins a food vacuole

197
Q

What forms a food vacuole?

A

Single celled organisms that ingest particles such as bacteria or organic debris

198
Q

Segment of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a protein

A

Gene

199
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Assembles RNA and protein into ribosome subunits

200
Q

Dark spots within the nucleus

A

Nucleolus (nucleoli)

201
Q

Site of protein assembly

A

Ribosomes

202
Q

What uncoils to form chromatin?

A

Chromosomes

203
Q

What does the nucleolus produce?

A

RNA for ribosomes

204
Q

When did microscopes become common tool in biology?

A

Mid to late 1800’s

205
Q

What are some structures unique to animal cells?

A

Lysosomes, Centrioles, Cilia/flagella

206
Q

What has ribosomes on the outer surface?

A

Rough ER

207
Q

What serves as a site for enzymatic reactions?

A

Membranes

208
Q

What occupies up to 90% of the cell volume?

A

Vacuole

209
Q

How is the primary lysosome formed?

A

By budding from the Golgi Complex

210
Q

Cell that are elongated for conducting electrical signals

A

Nerve Cells

211
Q

What is the site of aerobic respiration in animal cells?

A

Mitochondria

212
Q

What is composed of chromatin coding for ribosomal RNA

A

Nucleolus (nucleoli)

213
Q

When was the first microscope invented?

A

Late 1500’s

214
Q

What play a role in energy transfer?

A

Membranes

215
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Digestion of macromolecules, worn out organelles, and worn out proteins

216
Q

Where are ribosomes located?

A

They are either free floating or attached to membranes

217
Q

What is the structure of a vesicle?

A

Small membranous sacks

218
Q

When did organelles began to be observed?

A

Early 1900’s

219
Q

What produces proteins for secretion (export from cell) and for incorporation into other organelles.

A

Rough ER

220
Q

What are ribosomes composed of?

A

RNA and protein

221
Q

What type of cells fit together to form a sheet?

A

Epithelial Cells

222
Q

The minimum distance between objects that can be seen as separate objects

A

Resolving Power

223
Q

Breaking cells apart and separating cellular structures

A

Cell Fractionation

224
Q

What produces cell wall components in plants?

A

Golgi Complex

225
Q

What is the structure of the lysosome?

A

Vesicle like

226
Q

Structures that carry out specific functions in the cell

A

Organelles

227
Q

What processes, sorts, and modifies proteins produced in the ER?

A

Golgi Complex

228
Q

What triggers apoptosis in animal cells?

A

Mitochondria

229
Q

Where is the site of photosynthesis in plants and algae?

A

Chloroplasts

230
Q

What is the function of the vesicle?

A

Transports materials within the cell

231
Q

Side opposite the ER and nucleus, oriented toward plasma membrane; exit site

A

Trans Face

232
Q

What is the structure of the Golgi Complex?

A

Sacks of flattened membranes

233
Q

Contolled, genetically programmed cell death; normal process; occurs in epidermis and epithelium, tadpole development, and embryonic development of the fingers

A

Apoptosis

234
Q

What is measured in gravity?

A

Centrifugal Force

235
Q

Where is DNA contained?

A

Nucleus

236
Q

What are some structures unique to plant cells?

A

Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Large central vacuole

237
Q

Circular strand of DNA not surrounded by a membrane; not separated from the cytoplasm

A

Nucleoid

238
Q

What contains Chloroplasts?

A

Plants and Algae

239
Q

What is the formula for photosynthesis?

A

CO2 plus H2O plus ATP(produced by light energy) yields glucose plus O2

240
Q

The amount of enlargement of an image

A

Magnification

241
Q

Describe Apoptosis

A

Contolled, genetically programmed cell death; normal process; occurs in epidermis and epithelium, tadpole development, and embryonic development of the fingers

242
Q

How are vesicles formed?

A

By budding from larger membranes

243
Q

A machine that spinns a mixed suspension and separates components by density

A

Centrifuge

244
Q

Side adjacent to ER and nucleus; entrance side

A

Cis Face

245
Q

When did the electron microscope become common in biology?

A

1950’s

246
Q

Type of plastid that is colorless or white, stores oil and starch

A

Leucoplasts

247
Q

What does the Thylakoid membrane contain?

A

Chlorophyll

248
Q

What is the MTOC in animal cells?

A

A centrosome containing centrioles

249
Q

Network of protein fibers

A

Cytoskeleton

250
Q

Type of plastid that is red/orange/yellow pigments in fruits and flowers

A

Chromoplasts

251
Q

Hair like appendages on outside of cell

A

Cilia/ Flagella

252
Q

What plays a role in movement in animal cells?

A

Cytoskeleton

253
Q

Concept that mitochondria and chloroplast originated from prokaryotic cells (bacteria)

A

Endosymbiotic Theory

254
Q

Cylinders composed of microtubules

A

Centrioles

255
Q

Tough, elastic protein fibers

A

Intermediate Filaments

256
Q

What are the 3 types of protein?

A

Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate Filaments

257
Q

What is the structure of a microtubule?

A

Hollow tube of breadlike proteins

258
Q

Short and stiff appendages on outside of cell

A

Cilia

259
Q

What maintains the shape of the cell in animal cells?

A

Cytoskeleton

260
Q

Intertwined strands of bead like proteins

A

Microfilaments

261
Q

What does MTOC stand for?

A

Microtubule Organizing Center

262
Q

Myosin, moves along actin filaments

A

Motor Protein

263
Q

What is the structure of the chloroplasts?

A

Outer membrane, Inner membrane, Thylakoid, Granum, Stroma

264
Q

What is the function of microfilaments?

A

They are associated with movements that change the shape of the cell

265
Q

What are the functions of microtubules?

A
  1. Movement of organelles within the cell
  2. Cell division; movement of chromosomes
  3. Movement of cilia and flagella
266
Q

Long and flexible appendages on outside of cell

A

Flagella

267
Q

Undeveloped Plastid

A

Proplastid

268
Q

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

A

Maintain cell shape and strengthen cell

269
Q

What provides energy in plants and algae to assemble glucose from CO2 and H2O?

A

ATP

270
Q

Move ions, organic molecules, and polar molecules across membranes

A

Transport Proteins

271
Q

When dealing with the functions of membrane proteins, what function deals with movement of materials into and out of cells?

A

Transport

272
Q

What are the 3 important molecule that freely diffuse across membranes?

A

O2, CO2, and H2O

273
Q

Speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

274
Q

Allows cells and organelles to be flexible

A

Fluidity

275
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cell wall called?

A
  1. Middle Lamella
  2. Primary Cell Wall
  3. Secondary Cell Wall
276
Q

What is collagen?

A

A tough fibrous protein

277
Q

A phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the bilayer

A

Membrane

278
Q

Molecule with hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions

A

Amphipathic Molecule

279
Q

What is the main component of a cell wall?

A

Cellulose

280
Q

Gel of carbohydrates and proteins between the cells

A

Extra Cellular Matrix

281
Q

When dealing with the functions of membrane proteins, what function connects extra cellular matrix and cytoskeleton

A

Anchoring

282
Q

What is a “fluidity buffer” for membranes? What does it do?

A

Cholesterol; it decreases the effect of temperature change

283
Q

Protein with a sugar protein

A

Glycoprotein

284
Q

A cell covering of polysaccharide chains extending form proteins and lipids in plasma membrane

A

Glycocalyx

285
Q

What are the 2 major categories for membrane proteins?

A

Integral and Peripheral

286
Q

What is the main component of Extra Cellular Matrix?

A

Collagen

287
Q

End product of a metabolic pathway attaches to an enzyme and blocks the pathway

A

Feedback Inhibition

288
Q

Type of inhibition that acts as a regulator

A

Reversible Inhibiton

289
Q

Molecule that bonds to enzyme and blocks enzymes activities

A

Inhibitor

290
Q

An organic cofactor

A

Coenzyme

291
Q

An orderly series of reactions

A

Metabolic Pathway

292
Q

Endergonic reactions are physically linked to an exergonic reaction because of this reaction

A

Coupled Reaction

293
Q

The only compound that can directly provide energy to do cellular work

A

ATP

294
Q

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another and it can be transferred

A

1st Law of Thermodynamics

295
Q

This type of reaction is a building up process

A

Anabolic Reaction

296
Q

Energy releasing reaction

A

Exergonic Reaction

297
Q

Stored energy

A

Potential Energy

298
Q

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

A

One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted to another usable form; with every energy transfer some energy is converted to heat; therefore all energy transfers are inefficient

299
Q

Nonusable energy

A

Heat

300
Q

A measure of disorder and disorganization

A

Entropy

301
Q

Energy associated with motion

A

Kinetic Energy

302
Q

Sum of all the chemical activities in an organism

A

Metabolism

303
Q

One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted to another usable form; with every energy transfer some energy is converted to heat; therefore all energy transfers are inefficient

A

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

304
Q

This type of reaction is a breaking down process

A

Catabolic Reaction

305
Q

Total potential energy

A

Enthalpy

306
Q

Nonprotein component required by some enzymes

A

Cofactor

307
Q

Site on enzyme other than the active site that can affect the functioning of the enzyme

A

Allosteric site

308
Q

Energy requiring reaction

A

Endergonic Reaction

309
Q

What can lower the amount of Energy of Activation?

A

Enzymes

310
Q

The transfer of a phosphate from one compound to another

A

Phosphorylation

311
Q

What is the ratio of ATP and ADP in cells?

A

10:1

312
Q

Region on enzyme where substrate attaches

A

Active Site

313
Q

Inhibitor attaches to allosteric site

A

Noncompetitive Inhibition

314
Q

What are the 2 forms of energy?

A

Potential and Kinetic

315
Q

What occupies space and has mass?

A

Matter

316
Q

Inhibitor competes with substrate for active site

A

Competitive Inhibition

317
Q

Usable energy

A

Free Energy

318
Q

Reactant acted on by an enzyme

A

Substrate

319
Q

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be converted from one form to another and it can be transferred.

General Biology I (2 decks)

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