Semester Exam 2022 Flashcards
Cells that supply new cells as an organism grows and also replace cells that get damaged in that area
Adult Stem Cells (ASC)
A 3-5 day old embryo that we get ESC from is called a
blastocyst
The main controversy of the HGP when it began was
the money it would cost and take away from the private sector
Who was the individual that led the original undertaking of the HGP
Francis Collins
T or F - Genetic signals are responsible for turning on to tell ESC what type of cell to become
true
Cells that are completely undifferentiated and can develop into any cell type in the body
embryonic stem cell
All ASC are —- which means that cells can change into some, but not all cell types of the body. They can only make cells in their tissue of origin
multipotent
What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project
(written)
to map out and make the entire human genome (DNA) available to all
When a stem cell divides they have 2 unique properties about them, what are they?
(written)
- one cell stays the same and the other can differentiate
- they can divide again and again and still work the same
There are some limitations to using ASC, list 2
(written)
- they can only become like cells (blood cells -> blood cells)
- not as versatile or durable
- not as numerous and harder to find
list 2 impacts of the HGP has had on the medical community
(written)
- ability to see where diseases occur in the DNA
- ability to test drugs and medicines for research and cures
There are many hopes for stem cell research by the scientific community, list 3 things they are expecting to happen with stem cell therapy
(written)
- ability to create replacement organs and tissue
- understand basic biology of living things
- be able to discover diseases and treat them correctly
What is the HapMap project and why is it important
(written)
this project was between many countries and helped determine how humans evolved through testing their DNA as well as showing similarities between living things
basic unit of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are called
nucleotides
approximately how many genes make up humans
25,000
sequences of DNA that code for the making of proteins are called
genes
structures that contain DNA and proteins that package and manage storage, duplication, and expression of DNA are called
chromosomes
DNA within the entire collection of chromosomes in each cell of any organism is known as a
genome
What was the name of the project that mapped out all genes on our chromosomes, that took over 12 years to complete
Human Genome Project
cells that don’t have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles are
prokaryotic
the study of the genomes of an organism
genomics
give one example of relatedness of all living organisms
we all have eyes
list 2 benefits that genomic sequencing is having on us and will have on us in the future
- we can tell if people are predisposed to certain diseases
- we will know where to turn on and off certain genes if needed and continue research in each gene area
3 examples of model organisms for genetic research
round worms, mice, and fruit flies