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Cell Biology > Semester A > Flashcards

Semester A Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens in Prophase

A
  • formation of centrosomes
  • chromosomes condense
  • mitotic spindles form
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2
Q

What are centromeres made of?

A

centrioles + micro tubules

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3
Q

what happens in prometaphase

A

chromosomes attach to spindle micro tubules

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4
Q

how do chromosomes attach to spindle micro tubules

A

kinetochores

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5
Q

what is karyotyping

A

metaphase

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6
Q

what happens during metaphase

A
  • chromosomes align at equator of spindle poles
  • kinetochore micro tubules attach chromatids to opposite spindle poles
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7
Q

What happens during Anaphase

A
  • pulls sister chromatids to spindle poles
  • shortens micro tubules
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8
Q

why do kinetochore microtubules shorten?

A

spindle poles move apart

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9
Q

what happens during telophase

A
  • chromosomes move to spindle poles to decondese
  • nuclear envelope reforms
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10
Q

What is the end result of Mitosis

A

forms two identical daughter nuclei

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11
Q

what is binary fission and how does it work

A
  • unicellular mitosis
  • cell elongation and DNA rep
  • cross wall formation
  • clone cells
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12
Q

what are CDC mutants

A
  • cell division cycle genes
  • temperature sensitive
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13
Q

what happens if CDC are mutated

A

cell cycle arrest

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14
Q

what is cyclin

A

regulates cell cycle

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15
Q

how is CDK complex formed

A

cyclin + inactive CDK

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16
Q

what are the main cell components

A
  • bound by plasma membrane
  • aqueous cytoplasm
  • membrane bound organelles
17
Q

how thick is the plasma membrane

A

2 molecules thicl

18
Q

whats the role of the plasma membrane

A
  • selectively permiable
  • maintains low entropy under high entropy environments
19
Q

What is an amphipathic membrane

A

both hydrophobic and hydrophillic

20
Q

whats the role of the cell wall

A
  • support
  • limits movement of molecules
21
Q

what is the cell wall of bacteria made of

A

peptidoglycan

22
Q

whats the role of thymosin

A

binds to actin to prevent actin filaments

23
Q

whats the role of profilin

A

speeds up the binding of actin

24
Q

whats the role of formins

A

promote the filament elongation

25
Q

what are the role of integrin receptors

A

link cells to extracellular matrix

26
Q

whats the role of cadherins

A

link cells to other cells

27
Q

what are adheren junctions

A

links to F-actin filaments

Cell Biology (3 decks)

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