Semester 2 Vocab Flashcards
Independent leaders who dominate local areas in defiance of national policies; typical throughout newly independent countries of Latin America
Caudillos
Movement that disavowed Karl Marx’s views; believed social success could be gained gradually through peaceful and democratic ways
Revisionism
Advisors of Mexican Government leader; permitted government to project image of modernization
Cientificos
Movement in China to counter challenge, power, and influence of the West
Self-strengthening movement
French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to fix problems of society; founded by Auguste Comte
Positivism
Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants ; specialized in trade on China’s south coast
Compradors
Artistic and literary movement; held that emotion and passion were more important than reason
Romanticism
Political system in Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; political leaders transformed upon arrival in Rome to a single-minded pursuit of the status quo
Trasformismo
Economic theory that stressed governments’ promotion of limiting imports from other nations, and stressing mass exporting to every where possible
Mercantilism
The site of a naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire; victory for Spanish and end of Muslim naval power
Lepanto
The southern tip of Africa
Cape of Good Hope
Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France; also makes Catholicism the official religion of France; 1598
Edict of Nantes
Marks the end of the Seven Years War; granted the land of New France to England; 1763
Treaty of Paris
Established by the Dutch; initially used as a coastal supply station for Dutch ships en route to Asia
Cape Colony
The spread of deep interest in acquiring material goods and services spreading below elite levels to all classes
Mass Consumerism
Marks the end of the Thirty Years War; grants territorial religious tolerance to the Holy Roman Empire; the Netherlands gains its independence from Spain
Treaty of Westphalia
Class of working people without access to wealth-producing property in Europe in the 16th and 17th centures
Proletariat
Term used to refer to the Dutch farmers in southern Africa
Boers
Kingdom of Korea founded in 918 and later destroyed by the Mongols
Koryo
Founder of the Tang Empire in China
Li Shimin
In the feudal system, a sworn supporter or follower with a commitment to render a service in return for that loyalty
Vassal
A long-distance commercial travel ship created in China
Junk
The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head
Papacy
In the Feudal system, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide a service
Fief
Literally “middle age”, a term to refer to the European period of 500 to 1500
Medieval
A system in which neighboring peoples were forced to pay the dominant region an amount (goods or labor) in order to maintain peace
Tributary system
An aristocratic family that dominated Japanese imperial court
Fujiwara
In the Feudal system, an agricultural laborer legally bound to the land they must work
Serf
Member of the Mongolian family through marriage; created his empire over much of Central Asia and Iran
Timur
Lineage groups or clans
Ayllu
Means “ divine wind” or “wind of the gods”
Kamikaze
Russian title for a monarch, meaning “Caesar”
Tsar
3rd Ming emperor; staged a coup d’etat to gain power; initiated construction of the Forbidden City
Yongle
“Floating gardens”; man-made islands to create more land for agriculture
Chinampas
A form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader
Chiefdom
A rotating labor draft based on shared obligations with your kinship group
Mit’a
Where defeated peoples are forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor to their conquerors
Tribute system
Knotted, colored cored used to transmit information and keep records
Khipus
