Semester 2 Vocab

Question 1

Independent leaders who dominate local areas in defiance of national policies; typical throughout newly independent countries of Latin America

Answer 1

Caudillos

Question 2

Movement that disavowed Karl Marx’s views; believed social success could be gained gradually through peaceful and democratic ways

Answer 2

Revisionism

Question 3

Advisors of Mexican Government leader; permitted government to project image of modernization

Answer 3

Cientificos

Question 4

Movement in China to counter challenge, power, and influence of the West

Answer 4

Self-strengthening movement

Question 5

French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to fix problems of society; founded by Auguste Comte

Answer 5

Positivism

Question 6

Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants ; specialized in trade on China’s south coast

Answer 6

Compradors

Question 7

Artistic and literary movement; held that emotion and passion were more important than reason

Answer 7

Romanticism

Question 8

Political system in Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; political leaders transformed upon arrival in Rome to a single-minded pursuit of the status quo

Answer 8

Trasformismo

Question 9

Economic theory that stressed governments’ promotion of limiting imports from other nations, and stressing mass exporting to every where possible

Answer 9

Mercantilism

Question 10

The site of a naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire; victory for Spanish and end of Muslim naval power

Answer 10

Lepanto

Question 11

The southern tip of Africa

Answer 11

Cape of Good Hope

Question 12

Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France; also makes Catholicism the official religion of France; 1598

Answer 12

Edict of Nantes

Question 13

Marks the end of the Seven Years War; granted the land of New France to England; 1763

Answer 13

Treaty of Paris

Question 14

Established by the Dutch; initially used as a coastal supply station for Dutch ships en route to Asia

Answer 14

Cape Colony

Question 15

The spread of deep interest in acquiring material goods and services spreading below elite levels to all classes

Answer 15

Mass Consumerism

Question 16

Marks the end of the Thirty Years War; grants territorial religious tolerance to the Holy Roman Empire; the Netherlands gains its independence from Spain

Answer 16

Treaty of Westphalia

Question 17

Class of working people without access to wealth-producing property in Europe in the 16th and 17th centures

Answer 17

Proletariat

Question 18

Term used to refer to the Dutch farmers in southern Africa

Answer 18

Boers

Question 19

Kingdom of Korea founded in 918 and later destroyed by the Mongols

Answer 19

Koryo

Question 20

Founder of the Tang Empire in China

Answer 20

Li Shimin

Question 21

In the feudal system, a sworn supporter or follower with a commitment to render a service in return for that loyalty

Answer 21

Vassal

Question 22

A long-distance commercial travel ship created in China

Answer 22

Junk

Question 23

The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head

Answer 23

Papacy

Question 24

In the Feudal system, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide a service

Answer 24

Fief

Question 25

Literally “middle age”, a term to refer to the European period of 500 to 1500

Answer 25

Medieval

Question 26

A system in which neighboring peoples were forced to pay the dominant region an amount (goods or labor) in order to maintain peace

Answer 26

Tributary system

Question 27

An aristocratic family that dominated Japanese imperial court

Answer 27

Fujiwara

Question 28

In the Feudal system, an agricultural laborer legally bound to the land they must work

Answer 28

Serf

Question 29

Member of the Mongolian family through marriage; created his empire over much of Central Asia and Iran

Answer 29

Timur

Question 30

Lineage groups or clans

Answer 30

Ayllu

Question 31

Means “ divine wind” or “wind of the gods”

Answer 31

Kamikaze

Question 32

Russian title for a monarch, meaning “Caesar”

Answer 32

Tsar

Question 33

3rd Ming emperor; staged a coup d’etat to gain power; initiated construction of the Forbidden City

Answer 33

Yongle

Question 34

“Floating gardens”; man-made islands to create more land for agriculture

Answer 34

Chinampas

Question 35

A form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader

Answer 35

Chiefdom

Question 36

A rotating labor draft based on shared obligations with your kinship group

Answer 36

Mit’a

Question 37

Where defeated peoples are forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor to their conquerors

Answer 37

Tribute system

Question 38

Knotted, colored cored used to transmit information and keep records

Answer 38

Khipus