Semester 2 Study Guide Flashcards
The disagreement over the holy trinity and the origins of the son
Filioque
-In constantinople-Taken over by Muslims and made in to mosque-Means “sacred wisdom”
Hagia Sophia
The argument over the control of appointment of church offices
Investiture Controversy
Names for the earthly head of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches
Pope Patriarch
Names for leader of the Monks and Nuns
Abot Abess
Book written by St. ______ about monasticism and clergy
Rule of Benedict
_____ lives in monasteries, ______ live in society
Regular Secular
Code of ethics for Japanese warriors
Bushido
Fast maturing rice, producing high yield
Champa Rice
Volcanic rock used as tools, knives, and mirrors by Native Americans
Obsidian
Device used to record info consisting of colored and knotted rope/string
Khipus
Main objective was to secure captives
Mayan Military
Preferred war leaders and nobles
Native American Human Sacrifices
Lived in four corners region
Anasazi
Maize, beans, squash
“Three Sisters”
Largest mound ever discoverd in North America
Cahokia
Government ruled by religious leaders
Theocracy
Established the Yuan Empire
Khubilai Khan
Chinese expeditions “unicorn”
Giraffes
Why Chinese expeditions stopped
- New emperor wanted to distinguish himself
- Money diverted to deal with Mongols
- Spending money on imperial city in Beijing
____ type is slower and 2x bigger than ________ type
Woodblock Movable
Chinese first to invent the _______
Compass
What “kicked off” European exploration
Bypassing the Middle East and the search for an alternative route to the indies
First to circumnavigate the world
Ferdinand Magellan
First to reach India by sea
Vasco de Gama
First to round southern tip of Africa
Bartholomeu Dias
Sailed for Spain but was Italian, found cuba
Christopher Columbus
First british settlement in N.A. named after Queen Elizabeth I
Virginia Colony - Elizabeth was the “Virgin Queen”
-Written to impress Medici family in France-Guide to get political power & keep it-Stressed morality & politics don’t go hand in hand-Taught better to be feared than loved
The Prince
“Venus” made by _______
Botticelli
Who painted in the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Who created Lutherianism
Martin Luther
Advocated baptism, clergy marriage, monasticism’s end
Ninety-Five Theses
Discovered the heart was the central pumping station of the circulatory system
William Harvey
3 laws of motion & gravity
Isaac Newton
Discovered the world was heliocentric
Nicolaus Copernicus
Father of Modern philosophy
Rene Descartes
The day the Declaration of independence was signed in America
July 4th
Celebrated in France because it was the day the revolutionaries stormed the political prison and armory (Bastille)
July 14th
1st to create a national anthem
France
More than 50% living in cities
Urbanization
1st country to reach urbanization status
Great Britain
- U.S. got California
- U.S. gets 1/2 of Mexico’s territory
- Mexico admits defeat
- Signed in February 2, 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
USS Maine exploded in the harbor of Cuba sparking the start of the _____
Spanish-American War
-Napoleon III coined the term for claim he had the same “____” roots
“Latin America”
Founded the Qing dynasty
Manchus
The end of civil service exams
End of traditional Chinese history
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente
Great Britain, Russia, France
Socialism
Economic and political system in which the government owns and controls the county’s means of production (such as buinesses, farms, etc)
Event that started WWI
Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia because Black Hand Group killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Order of war declarations
A-H------------> Serbia Germany----> Russia Germany----> France Great Britain----> Germany A-H-------------> Russia
Belgium
Germany attack France through Belgium, subsequently violating their neutrality
Entry of Italy into WWI
- May of 1915
- Triple Alliance was just a defensive treaty and was violated by Germany and A-H
Airplanes (WWI)
Used as scouts to spot enemy positions
Zeppelins
German blimps for war
Trench Warfare
- Stalemate for 4 years
- No man’s land in-between
- This kind of warfare never fought before
Entry of U.S. into WWI
- May 7 1915 Lusitania attacked and sunk with 100 american passengers
- U.S. demands restricted submarine warfare
- Germans get bored and go unrestricted again
- U.S. enters on April 6 1917
Gain for women after WWI
Right to vote in U.S. (19th amendment)
Grigory Rasputin
- Supposed to have some sort of “magic”
- Helps Alexei with hemophilia
- He makes suggestions to Alexandra, she makes them to the czar and the czar does them
- People enraged and poison Rasputin, and shot three times
Petrograd
-Used to be St. Petersburg but “burg” is too German, and the Russians won’t tolerate it because they are at war with them
Soviets/Bolsheviks Ideas
- Socialist
- Want to represent lower class
Soviets/Bolsheviks Leader
Vladimir Lenin
Soviets/Bolsheviks Seizure of Power
- Helped by Germans
- Lead by Leon Trotsky
- Takes over provisional government
- Give land to Germany to maintain peaceful evacuation from war
Cheka
- Red secret police
- Made red terror (Get rid of any opposition to communism)
Armistice that ended WWI
Germany signs armistice (agreement to end fighting) on Nov. 11, 1918, at 11 A.M.
Treaty of Versailles
- Germany made to pay reparations and reduce army and navy, and abolish their air-force.
- Made Rhineland between France and Germany
League of Nations
Can govern another nation but does not own it
Benito Mussolini
- Leader of Fascist Italy
- King made him prim minister, and he took power from their and proclaimed himself “Cheif”
Vladimir Lenin
Made soviet union in 1922
USSR
Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
Capital of USSR
Moscow
Joseph Stalin
1924 Lenin’s death leads to his rise to dictatorship
NSDAP
- Hitler made it
- Nations Socialische Deutsche Arbeipartei
- National socialist German Workers Party
- NAZI
Adolf Hitler’s manifesto
- Mein Kamf
- Proclaimed nationalism, anti-semitism, anti-communism
Master Race
- Aryan people which are descendant from ancient Romans and Greeks
- Better than any other race
“Living room”
Lebansraum - every empire needs a space for its perfect people to live
Hitler’s Ideas about empire’s
- Hitler wanted to make the 3rd Reich
- 1st was the Roman Empire
- 2nd was Germany pre WWI
Rhineland during WWII
- De-militarized to buffer France
- Germany sends troops in it
- France is angry but has no support due to other countries appeasing Germany
Rome Berlin Axis
- Italy & Germany Alliance
- Both Mussolini & Hitler want perfect Empires
Anti-Comintern Act
Between Germany and Japan vowing to work together against communism
Nazi Soviet Nonaggression Pact
- Beats allies to Stalin
- Promises to not attack each other
- Promises Stalin control of Eastern Poland & Balkins
Official start of WWII
- Attack on Poland in Sept. 1 1939
- GB & France declare war on Germany on Sept. 3
Allies
Soviet Union, U.S., and Great Britain
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Official end to WWII
-V-J Day, September 2, 1945
Holocaust
-6 million Jews killed by murder, death camps, starvation, and medical experiments
Anti-Semitism
Discrimination against Jews
Josef Mengele
- “Angel of Death”
- Auschwitz
- Experimentation on Jews (mainly twins)
- Fled to Argentina/South America
Leningrad
Named for the death of Lenin, used to be Petrograd, then before that St. Petersburg
Women on the home front
- Work in factories, mines, railroads, etc…
- Soviets only ones to allow in combat
Tehran Conference
- Decide future course of war and final blow to Germany
- Between U.S. Great Britain, Soviet Union
- Spring 1944
Yalta Conference
- Stalin is suspicious of western powers and wants a soviet buffer zone
- Roosevelt wants self determination for those countries
- U.N. created
- Germans surrender, Germany divided into 4 zones
- Free elections in E. Europe
Potsdam Conference
- Agree to trials for Nazi’s crimes
- Nuremburg Germany
Nuremburg Trials
Trails against Nazi leaders
