Semester 2 Test Flashcards
The shape of an apple is a
Physical property
Three examples of physical change are
Boiling of water, cutting a wire, and crumpling a piece of paper
When a log burns in a fire
A chemical change occurs
___ is another name for a homogeneous mixture
Solution
When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is a
Mixture
Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a
Solid
A gas like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles that produce their own light and heat is a
Plasma
Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape is a
Gas
Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a
Liquid
Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a
Gas
Most matter ___ when heated
Expands
The theoretical point at which all molecular motion stops is called
Absolute zero
The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of
Vaporization
According to ___, if you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold temperature constant, the pressure of the gas will increase
Boyle’s law
According to __, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not change
Charles’s law
The most common state of matter in the universe is
Plasma
Increasing ____ raises the boiling point of a liquid
Pressure
A fluids resistance to flow is called
Viscosity
As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will____ if the pressure remains the same
Increase
As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas will ___ if the temperature remains the same
Decrease
Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum number of ___ it can hold
Electrons
Dot diagrams are used to represent
Outer level electrons
Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are
Quarks
A chemical symbol represents the ___ of an element
Name
Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called
Periods
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called
Isotopes
A particle that moves around the nucleus an
Electron
Elements that are gases, are brittle, and are poor conductors at room temperature are
Nonmetals
A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. It’s atomic mass is
56
The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the
Alpha particle
The most penetrating type of radiation is the
Gamma ray
A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called
Alpha particle
Negatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are
Beta particles
The process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with larger masses is
Nuclear fusion
The three types of Nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power are
Alpha, beta, gamma
Both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction
Produce energy
Neutrons released in a fission reaction can strike other nuclei and cause
A chain reaction
The process by which solid iodine particles change directly to has without first becoming a liquid is called
Sublimation
Elements that form salts by combining with metals are
Halogens
Different forms of the same element that have different properties because of different atom arrangements are called
Allotropes
An allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is
Diamond
A chemical family whose members exist as reactive diatomic molecules in the gaseous phase is the
Actinide series
The elements in groups 3 through 12 of the period table are
Transition elements
A family of elects that has two electrons in its outer energy level is the
Alkaline earth metals
Metals can be used as wire because they are
Ductile
Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is normally a
Liquid
The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature is
Mercury
All synthetic elements are
Radioactive
The noble gases are in
Group 18
Elements that lie along the stair step line of the periodic table are
Metalloids
The appearance of solid metals can be described as
Shiny
A family of elements that contains the most reactive metals is the
Alkali metals
A family elements that contains the most reactive metals is the
Alkali metals
In a chemical formula, the number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by numbers called
Subscripts
A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a
Poly atomic ion
The elements that makeup a compound and the exact number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound can be shown in a
Chemical formula
A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a ____ bond
Covalent
The ___ tells you how many electrons at atom must gain, lose, or share to become stable
Oxidation number
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is always
Zero
The oxidation number of an atom is shown with a
Superscript
How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atoms to be chemically stable
8
What kind of chemical bond is formed when an equal exchange of electrons occurs
Ionic
What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl
Sodium chloride
Who do the noble gases NOT form compounds readily
Their outer energy levels are completely filled with electrons
What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine
Lithium chloride
What is the chemical formula for magnesium nitrate
Mg(NO3)2
What is the charge of phosphate in K3 PO4
3-
What is the correct name for K2 SO4
Potassium sulfate
What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide
MgO
A __ chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation
Balanced
Each substance on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation is a
Reactant
The energy required to break the original bonds is less than the energy release when new bonds form in an
Exergonic
If heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place, the reaction is
Endothermic
What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: NH3+ HCl-> NH4Cl
Synthesis
What could represent a decomposition reaction
Compound= element + element
In a chemical equation, the symbol that means dissolved in water is
(Aq)
When one element replaces another element in a compound, the reaction is a ___ reaction
Single displacement
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself is a
Catalyst
Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is
Product
Substances that prevent, or slow down, chemical reactions are called
Inhibitors
A chemical reaction in which hear energy released is
Exothermic
Numbers that precede symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are
Coefficients
Coffee has a Ph of about 5. Coffee is
Somewhat acidic
Blood contains compound called__ that allow small amounts of acids or bases to be absorbed without harmful effects
Buffers
To neutralize gastric juices on your stomach, antacids contain
Bases
A compound that is made up only of carbon and hydrogen is called a
Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon that has at least one double or triple bond is
Unsaturated
A hydrocarbon containing only a single bonded carbon atoms is called ___ hydrocarbon
Saturated
Compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes are called
Isomers
A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by an -OH groups is an
Alcohol
A huge molecule made up of many smaller molecules is called a
Polymer
A polymer formed from fatty acids is a
Lipid
The bond between the carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino Acid is called a
Metallic bond
An organic molecule that has hydrogen and oxygen present in a 2:1 ratio is a
Carbohydrate
DNA is a
Nucleic acid
An isomer of a compound with the formula C2 H6 would have the formula
C2 H6
Cholesterol is a __ needed to build cell membranes
Lipid
An organic compound that has a -COOH group and a -NH2 group is an
Amino acid
A polymer formed from amino acids is a
Protein
Why are there so many organic compounds
Carbon can form four covalent bonds
How many electron does a carbon atom have in it’s outer energy level
4
What is true f all aromatic compounds
They contain a benzene ring structure
What is a characteristic of an alcohol
OH
The substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction are called
Reactants
Hydrochloric acid, HCL, is added to solid NaOH. After the reaction is complete, NaCl dissolved in water remains. What are the products of this chemical reaction
NaCl and H2O
What is a balanced equation for the synthesis of NaBr from Na and Br2
2Na + Br2 -> 2 NaBr
Methane, CH4, burns in oxygen gas to form water and carbon dioxide. What is the correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction
CH4 + 2O2 -> 2H2O + CO2
How many atoms are present in 3 moles of chromium
1.80 x 10^24 atoms
How many grams of CO2 are in 2.1 mil of the compound
92.4 g
How many moles of He are in 16 g of the element
4.0 mol
In a compound, chemical energy is contained in the
Bonds
In general, of the temperature of a chemical reaction is increased, the reaction rate
Increases
What helps explain why there are millions if carbon compounds
4 valence electrons
Form bonds with other carbon atoms
Single double triple
Butane has the formula C4H10. What is the formula of cyclobutane
C4H8
What is another name for a saturated hydrocarbon
Alkane
What is ex of a saturated hydrocarbon
Isopropane
The prefix dec means ten. What best describes the structure of Decene
It contains ten carbon atoms and at least one double bond
Plants convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy during
Photosynthesis
Proteins that act as catalyst for chemical reactions that occur in cells are
Enzymes
What is the structure of RNA
A single chain containing Uracil
What is the simplest organic compound
Methanol
According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the reactants
The masses are equal
What is an insoluble compound that forms during a chemical reaction
Precipitate
According to the law of conservation of mass if two atoms of hydrogen are used as a reactant how many atoms of hydrogen must be part of the product
2
The burning of wood in a campfire that produces heat and light would be both an __ and an __ reaction
Exergonic , Exothermic
In a solution the substance that is being dissolved is the
Solute
A solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature is
Saturated
An ___ is a substance that produces H+ ions in a water solution
Acid
A ___ is a substance that produces oh ions in a solution
Base
__ measures how acidic or basic a substance is
pH
___ change color in the presence of an acid or a base
Indicators
A bitter taste and a slippery feel are clues that a solution is probably a
Base
The formula HCl stands for
Hydrochloric acid
In a ___ reaction, am acid and a base produce a salt and a water
Neutralization
If heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place the reaction is
Endothermic
