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Physics > Semester 2 Test > Flashcards

Semester 2 Test Flashcards

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0
Q

The shape of an apple is a

A

Physical property

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1
Q

Three examples of physical change are

A

Boiling of water, cutting a wire, and crumpling a piece of paper

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2
Q

When a log burns in a fire

A

A chemical change occurs

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3
Q

___ is another name for a homogeneous mixture

A

Solution

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4
Q

When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is a

A

Mixture

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5
Q

Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a

A

Solid

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6
Q

A gas like mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles that produce their own light and heat is a

A

Plasma

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7
Q

Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape is a

A

Gas

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8
Q

Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a

A

Liquid

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9
Q

Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a

A

Gas

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10
Q

Most matter ___ when heated

A

Expands

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11
Q

The theoretical point at which all molecular motion stops is called

A

Absolute zero

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12
Q

The amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of

A

Vaporization

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13
Q

According to ___, if you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold temperature constant, the pressure of the gas will increase

A

Boyle’s law

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14
Q

According to __, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not change

A

Charles’s law

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15
Q

The most common state of matter in the universe is

A

Plasma

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16
Q

Increasing ____ raises the boiling point of a liquid

A

Pressure

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17
Q

A fluids resistance to flow is called

A

Viscosity

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18
Q

As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of the gas will____ if the pressure remains the same

A

Increase

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19
Q

As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas will ___ if the temperature remains the same

A

Decrease

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20
Q

Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum number of ___ it can hold

A

Electrons

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21
Q

Dot diagrams are used to represent

A

Outer level electrons

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22
Q

Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are

A

Quarks

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23
Q

A chemical symbol represents the ___ of an element

A

Name

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24
Q

Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called

A

Periods

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25
Q

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called

A

Isotopes

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26
Q

A particle that moves around the nucleus an

A

Electron

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27
Q

Elements that are gases, are brittle, and are poor conductors at room temperature are

A

Nonmetals

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28
Q

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. It’s atomic mass is

A

56

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29
Q

The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the

A

Alpha particle

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30
Q

The most penetrating type of radiation is the

A

Gamma ray

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31
Q

A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called

A

Alpha particle

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32
Q

Negatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are

A

Beta particles

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33
Q

The process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with larger masses is

A

Nuclear fusion

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34
Q

The three types of Nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power are

A

Alpha, beta, gamma

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35
Q

Both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction

A

Produce energy

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36
Q

Neutrons released in a fission reaction can strike other nuclei and cause

A

A chain reaction

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37
Q

The process by which solid iodine particles change directly to has without first becoming a liquid is called

A

Sublimation

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38
Q

Elements that form salts by combining with metals are

A

Halogens

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39
Q

Different forms of the same element that have different properties because of different atom arrangements are called

A

Allotropes

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40
Q

An allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is

A

Diamond

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41
Q

A chemical family whose members exist as reactive diatomic molecules in the gaseous phase is the

A

Actinide series

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42
Q

The elements in groups 3 through 12 of the period table are

A

Transition elements

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43
Q

A family of elects that has two electrons in its outer energy level is the

A

Alkaline earth metals

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44
Q

Metals can be used as wire because they are

A

Ductile

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45
Q

Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is normally a

A

Liquid

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46
Q

The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature is

A

Mercury

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47
Q

All synthetic elements are

A

Radioactive

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48
Q

The noble gases are in

A

Group 18

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49
Q

Elements that lie along the stair step line of the periodic table are

A

Metalloids

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50
Q

The appearance of solid metals can be described as

A

Shiny

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51
Q

A family of elements that contains the most reactive metals is the

A

Alkali metals

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52
Q

A family elements that contains the most reactive metals is the

A

Alkali metals

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53
Q

In a chemical formula, the number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by numbers called

A

Subscripts

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54
Q

A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a

A

Poly atomic ion

55
Q

The elements that makeup a compound and the exact number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound can be shown in a

A

Chemical formula

56
Q

A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a ____ bond

A

Covalent

57
Q

The ___ tells you how many electrons at atom must gain, lose, or share to become stable

A

Oxidation number

58
Q

The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is always

A

Zero

59
Q

The oxidation number of an atom is shown with a

A

Superscript

60
Q

How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atoms to be chemically stable

A

8

61
Q

What kind of chemical bond is formed when an equal exchange of electrons occurs

A

Ionic

62
Q

What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl

A

Sodium chloride

63
Q

Who do the noble gases NOT form compounds readily

A

Their outer energy levels are completely filled with electrons

64
Q

What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine

A

Lithium chloride

65
Q

What is the chemical formula for magnesium nitrate

A

Mg(NO3)2

66
Q

What is the charge of phosphate in K3 PO4

A

3-

67
Q

What is the correct name for K2 SO4

A

Potassium sulfate

68
Q

What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide

A

MgO

69
Q

A __ chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation

A

Balanced

70
Q

Each substance on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation is a

A

Reactant

71
Q

The energy required to break the original bonds is less than the energy release when new bonds form in an

A

Exergonic

72
Q

If heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place, the reaction is

A

Endothermic

73
Q

What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: NH3+ HCl-> NH4Cl

A

Synthesis

74
Q

What could represent a decomposition reaction

A

Compound= element + element

75
Q

In a chemical equation, the symbol that means dissolved in water is

A

(Aq)

76
Q

When one element replaces another element in a compound, the reaction is a ___ reaction

A

Single displacement

77
Q

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself is a

A

Catalyst

78
Q

Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is

A

Product

79
Q

Substances that prevent, or slow down, chemical reactions are called

A

Inhibitors

80
Q

A chemical reaction in which hear energy released is

A

Exothermic

81
Q

Numbers that precede symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are

A

Coefficients

82
Q

Coffee has a Ph of about 5. Coffee is

A

Somewhat acidic

83
Q

Blood contains compound called__ that allow small amounts of acids or bases to be absorbed without harmful effects

A

Buffers

84
Q

To neutralize gastric juices on your stomach, antacids contain

A

Bases

85
Q

A compound that is made up only of carbon and hydrogen is called a

A

Hydrocarbon

86
Q

A hydrocarbon that has at least one double or triple bond is

A

Unsaturated

87
Q

A hydrocarbon containing only a single bonded carbon atoms is called ___ hydrocarbon

A

Saturated

88
Q

Compounds that have identical chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes are called

A

Isomers

89
Q

A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by an -OH groups is an

A

Alcohol

90
Q

A huge molecule made up of many smaller molecules is called a

A

Polymer

91
Q

A polymer formed from fatty acids is a

A

Lipid

92
Q

The bond between the carboxylic acid of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino Acid is called a

A

Metallic bond

93
Q

An organic molecule that has hydrogen and oxygen present in a 2:1 ratio is a

A

Carbohydrate

94
Q

DNA is a

A

Nucleic acid

95
Q

An isomer of a compound with the formula C2 H6 would have the formula

A

C2 H6

96
Q

Cholesterol is a __ needed to build cell membranes

A

Lipid

97
Q

An organic compound that has a -COOH group and a -NH2 group is an

A

Amino acid

98
Q

A polymer formed from amino acids is a

A

Protein

99
Q

Why are there so many organic compounds

A

Carbon can form four covalent bonds

100
Q

How many electron does a carbon atom have in it’s outer energy level

A

4

101
Q

What is true f all aromatic compounds

A

They contain a benzene ring structure

102
Q

What is a characteristic of an alcohol

A

OH

103
Q

The substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction are called

A

Reactants

104
Q

Hydrochloric acid, HCL, is added to solid NaOH. After the reaction is complete, NaCl dissolved in water remains. What are the products of this chemical reaction

A

NaCl and H2O

105
Q

What is a balanced equation for the synthesis of NaBr from Na and Br2

A

2Na + Br2 -> 2 NaBr

106
Q

Methane, CH4, burns in oxygen gas to form water and carbon dioxide. What is the correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction

A

CH4 + 2O2 -> 2H2O + CO2

107
Q

How many atoms are present in 3 moles of chromium

A

1.80 x 10^24 atoms

108
Q

How many grams of CO2 are in 2.1 mil of the compound

A

92.4 g

109
Q

How many moles of He are in 16 g of the element

A

4.0 mol

110
Q

In a compound, chemical energy is contained in the

A

Bonds

111
Q

In general, of the temperature of a chemical reaction is increased, the reaction rate

A

Increases

112
Q

What helps explain why there are millions if carbon compounds

A

4 valence electrons
Form bonds with other carbon atoms
Single double triple

113
Q

Butane has the formula C4H10. What is the formula of cyclobutane

A

C4H8

114
Q

What is another name for a saturated hydrocarbon

A

Alkane

115
Q

What is ex of a saturated hydrocarbon

A

Isopropane

116
Q

The prefix dec means ten. What best describes the structure of Decene

A

It contains ten carbon atoms and at least one double bond

117
Q

Plants convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy during

A

Photosynthesis

118
Q

Proteins that act as catalyst for chemical reactions that occur in cells are

A

Enzymes

119
Q

What is the structure of RNA

A

A single chain containing Uracil

120
Q

What is the simplest organic compound

A

Methanol

121
Q

According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the reactants

A

The masses are equal

122
Q

What is an insoluble compound that forms during a chemical reaction

A

Precipitate

123
Q

According to the law of conservation of mass if two atoms of hydrogen are used as a reactant how many atoms of hydrogen must be part of the product

A

2

124
Q

The burning of wood in a campfire that produces heat and light would be both an __ and an __ reaction

A

Exergonic , Exothermic

125
Q

In a solution the substance that is being dissolved is the

A

Solute

126
Q

A solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature is

A

Saturated

127
Q

An ___ is a substance that produces H+ ions in a water solution

A

Acid

128
Q

A ___ is a substance that produces oh ions in a solution

A

Base

129
Q

__ measures how acidic or basic a substance is

A

pH

130
Q

___ change color in the presence of an acid or a base

A

Indicators

131
Q

A bitter taste and a slippery feel are clues that a solution is probably a

A

Base

132
Q

The formula HCl stands for

A

Hydrochloric acid

133
Q

In a ___ reaction, am acid and a base produce a salt and a water

A

Neutralization

134
Q

If heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place the reaction is

A

Endothermic

Physics (8 decks)

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