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Chemistry Honors > Semester 2 Final Exam > Flashcards

Semester 2 Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Empirical Formula

A

Simplest whole # ratio of atoms in a compound

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2
Q

Molecular Formula

A

Actual formula (which is a whole multiple of the empirical formula)

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3
Q

Molecular: H2O

A

Empirical: HO

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4
Q

Molecular: C6H12O6

A

Empirical: CH2O

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5
Q

Molecular: C6H6

A

Empirical: CH

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6
Q

How to find the Empirical Formula

A

1) Find the moles of each element

2) Determine the mole ratio (Largest/Smallest)

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7
Q

Calculate the Empirical Formula of a compound containing 13.43g of Al and 53.18g Cl

A

O.497 mol Al
1.50 mol Cl

1.50/0.479= 3/1
AlCl3

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8
Q

Calculate the Empirical Formula of a compound containing 52.14% C, 13.12% H, and 34.73% O.

A
  1. 35 mol C (2)
  2. 2 mol H (6)
  3. 17 mol O (1)

C2H6O

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9
Q

How to find the Molecular Formula from the Empirical

A

1) Given the molecular mass, divide by the empirical mass

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10
Q

Empirical Formula: CH2O
(empirical mass=molar mass=30)
Molecular mass=180

A

Ratio: 180/30 = 6

Molecular Formula: 6(CH2O) -> C6H12O6

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11
Q

How to find % Yield

A

Lab (actual)
——————————— X 100%
Theoretical (Calculated)

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12
Q

Variables that limit a gas (4)

A

1) Temperature
2) Volume
3) Moles
4) Pressure

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13
Q

What is KMT

A

Kinetic Molecular Theory

The movement of Molecules/Particles

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14
Q

What does KMT involve?

A

Particle Size
**Volume occupied by a gas is mostly empty space
Particle Motion
**Gas particles move in a straight line in all directions
**CONSTANT RANDOM MOTION
Particle Energy
**No energy is lost by collision of gas particle w/ walls of container

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15
Q

NO IDEAL GAS EXISTS

A

They approach ideal behavior under certain conditions of temperature & pressure

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16
Q

What would be the partial (dry) pressure of N2 gas collected over water at 20 degrees C and 720. torr?

A

P atm= P N2 + P H20

  1. torr= P N2 = 17.5 torr
    703 torr= P N2
17
Q

What kind of relationship is Pressure vs. Volume?

A

Inverse

18
Q

What kind of relationship is Pressure vs. Temperature?

A

Direct

19
Q

What kind of relationship is Volume vs. Temperature?

A

Direct

20
Q

When do Mole Ratios=Volume Ratios?

A

When Pressure and Temperature is the same

21
Q

The equation for Heat

A

Heat= mass X change in temp X Specific Head

22
Q

Specific Heat

A

The amount of heat energy required to raise 1 g of a substance 1 degree C

23
Q

Specific heat for water

A

4.18 J/g degree C

24
Q

A 110.0 g sample of Iron @ 55.5 degrees C raises the temp of 150.0 mL of water from 223.0 degrees C to 25.5 degrees C. Determine the specific heat of the iron.

A

Heat Gain (H20)= Heat loss (Metal)

(gained by H2O)
Heat =150.0 g X 25 X 4.18
Heat =1600 J

(gained = lost)
1600 J= 110.0g X 30.0 X Cp
Cp= 0.48

25
Q

Enthalpy

A

The heat content of a system at constant pressure

26
Q

Enthalpy changes for exothermic reactions are always…

A

Negative

27
Q

Enthalpy changes for endothermic reactions are always..

A

Positive

28
Q

What do you use when going from solid to melting point?

A

Heat = mass X temp change X Cs

29
Q

What do you use when going from melting point to liquid?

A

Heat = mass X H fusion

30
Q

What do you use when going from liquid to boiling point?

A

Heat = mass X temp change X Cs

31
Q

What do you use when going from boiling point to gas?

A

Heat= mass X H vaporization

32
Q

What do you use when going from gas to hotter gas?

A

Heat = mass X temp change X Cs

33
Q

Heat of Fusion

A

Energy required to change 1g of a solid into a liquid @ its melting point

34
Q

Heat of Vaporization

A

Energy required to change 1g of liquid into a gas @ its normal boiling point

35
Q

Unique properties of water (5)

A

1) Changes in Density
* *Ice floats on top of water
* *Based on temp.
* *Hydrogen bonds allow for expansion when freezing
2) Universal Solvent
* *Positive end attracts neg ion, neg end attracts pos ion
3) Cohesion & Adhesion
4) High Surface Tension
5) High Heat capacity
* *Hydrogen bonds allow for temp. change

Chemistry Honors (7 decks)

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