Semester 2 final

Question 1

what cleaves trypsinogen

Answer 1

Enteropeptidase/enterokinase cleaves trypsinogen to trypsin

Question 2

common side effect of ezitimibe

Answer 2

low cholesterol

Question 3

what cell secretes intrinsic factor and HCL

Answer 3

parietal cell

Question 4

what cell secretes pepsin

Answer 4

chief cell

Question 5

major source of fiber

Answer 5

cellulose - cant be digested (due to B1-4)- increases stool bulk

Question 6

in the setting of hepatic jaundice which step in bile acid synthesis is obstructed

Answer 6

conjugation of bile with glucoronate (UDP-glucoronosyl-transferase) to form bilirubin glucuronides (lighter stools/urine due to decreased conjugated bilirubin)

Question 7

in the presenence of decreased bile salts, which enzyme in bile acid synthesis is upregulated

Answer 7

7-alphahydroxylase

Question 8

what is the activity of maltase/what does it clearve

Answer 8

ONLY alpha 1-4 (exoglucosidase)

Question 9

A persion with lactose intolerance should avoid what

Answer 9

milk sugar

Question 10

dietary fiber

Answer 10

cellulose

Question 11

A single base change in the mitochondrial gene ND4 from what to what amino acid result in a mitochondria partially defective in electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone

Answer 11

Arg to His

Question 12

Mitochondrial cytochrome c, released into the cytosol, participates in activation of which caspase, one of the proteases involved in apoptosis?

Answer 12

caspase 9 (question has hint about the role)

Question 13

defective oxidative phosphorylation leads to decreased ATP and what disease

Answer 13

diabetes

Question 14

Patient presents with greatly increased triglycerides with slightly elevated cholesterol given heparin then triglycerides are normal; LPL is deficient; which apoprotein is deficient?

Answer 14

ApoC-II

Question 15

which lipoprotiein is the largest

Answer 15

Chylomicron

Question 16

which lipoprotein is the smallest

Answer 16

Lpa

Question 17

patient presents with increased TGs, increased cholesterol, obese, DM II, alcholic on birth control and admits to eating a lot of sugar

Answer 17

Type IV hypertriglyceridemia

Question 18

familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 18

AD - decreased function of LDL receptor Hetero ~350 homo ~600-1200

Question 19

If HMGCoA reductase is blocked, what substrate will build up in the cholesterol synthesis pathway

Answer 19

HMGCoA

Question 20

what are the vitamin K dependent factors

Answer 20

prothrombin, FVII, IX, X, protein C and S

Question 21

patient has normal labs but the clot dissolves in saline what factor is missing

Answer 21

factor 13

Question 22

antithrombin II inactivates what factors

Answer 22

9a, 10a, 11a, 12a

Question 23

Patient presents with prolonged bleeding time but otherwise normal test

Answer 23

prolonged bleeding time = platelet disorder = von willebrand disease

Question 24

patient presnets with prolonged PTT. Normal bleeding time, platelt cout and prothrombin time. What is the likely diagnosis

Answer 24

Hemophilial A- deficiency in factory FVIII

Question 25

prolonged PTT indicates problem in what pathway

Answer 25

intrinsic or common

Question 26

equation for calculating LDL cholesterol

Answer 26

LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - (HDL+ TG/5)

Question 27

which amino acid is ketogenic only

Answer 27

lysine or leucine

Question 28

prosthetic group required by transaminases

Answer 28

pyridoxal phosphate (derived from vitamin B6)

Question 29

deficiency of N-acetylglutamate can ve treated by administering what

Answer 29

carbamoyl glutamate

Question 30

benzoate is converted to benzoyl-coA, which combines with amino acid to for hippurate

Answer 30

glycine

Question 31

blockage of what enzyme would cause a buid up of citrulline in the urea cycle

Answer 31

arginosuccinate

Question 32

Which of amino acid gives rise to a family of catecholamines that includes dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine?

Answer 32

tyrosine

Question 33

Build up of which heme biosynthesis substrate leads to acute intermittent porphyria?

Answer 33

Porphobillinogen

Question 34

pepsinogen activated by

Answer 34

low pH (autoactivates at pH5)

Question 35

products of pancreatic lipase

Answer 35

FFA and 2 monoacylglycerol

Question 36

Enteropeptidase activates which enzyme

Answer 36

Trypsinogen

Question 37

what lipoprotein is the least dense (floats on top)

Answer 37

chylomicron

Question 38

major apoprotein associated with chylomicrons

Answer 38

B48

Question 39

Apoprotin associate dwith LPL

Answer 39

C-II

Question 40

what moves cholesterol from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet

Answer 40

ABCA1

Question 41

first sterol made in pathway to cholesterol

Answer 41

lanosterol

Question 42

what activates thrombin

Answer 42

Fxa-Fva

Question 43

pt evaluated after 12 hour fast, where would you find the most triglycerides

Answer 43

VLDL

Question 44

build up of citriline, glutamine, ammonia- what enzyme is deficient

Answer 44

Arginosuccinate synthase

Question 45

what feeds into TCA as oxaloacetate

Answer 45

asparagine

Question 46

what aa is formed by both fumarate and acetoacetate

Answer 46

tyrosine