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CR4 > Semester 2 final > Flashcards

Semester 2 final Flashcards

1
Q

what cleaves trypsinogen

A

Enteropeptidase/enterokinase cleaves trypsinogen to trypsin

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2
Q

common side effect of ezitimibe

A

low cholesterol

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3
Q

what cell secretes intrinsic factor and HCL

A

parietal cell

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4
Q

what cell secretes pepsin

A

chief cell

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5
Q

major source of fiber

A

cellulose - cant be digested (due to B1-4)- increases stool bulk

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6
Q

in the setting of hepatic jaundice which step in bile acid synthesis is obstructed

A

conjugation of bile with glucoronate (UDP-glucoronosyl-transferase) to form bilirubin glucuronides (lighter stools/urine due to decreased conjugated bilirubin)

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7
Q

in the presenence of decreased bile salts, which enzyme in bile acid synthesis is upregulated

A

7-alphahydroxylase

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8
Q

what is the activity of maltase/what does it clearve

A

ONLY alpha 1-4 (exoglucosidase)

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9
Q

A persion with lactose intolerance should avoid what

A

milk sugar

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10
Q

dietary fiber

A

cellulose

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11
Q

A single base change in the mitochondrial gene ND4 from what to what amino acid result in a mitochondria partially defective in electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone

A

Arg to His

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12
Q

Mitochondrial cytochrome c, released into the cytosol, participates in activation of which caspase, one of the proteases involved in apoptosis?

A

caspase 9 (question has hint about the role)

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13
Q

defective oxidative phosphorylation leads to decreased ATP and what disease

A

diabetes

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14
Q

Patient presents with greatly increased triglycerides with slightly elevated cholesterol given heparin then triglycerides are normal; LPL is deficient; which apoprotein is deficient?

A

ApoC-II

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15
Q

which lipoprotiein is the largest

A

Chylomicron

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16
Q

which lipoprotein is the smallest

A

Lpa

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17
Q

patient presents with increased TGs, increased cholesterol, obese, DM II, alcholic on birth control and admits to eating a lot of sugar

A

Type IV hypertriglyceridemia

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18
Q

familial hypercholesterolemia

A

AD - decreased function of LDL receptor Hetero ~350 homo ~600-1200

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19
Q

If HMGCoA reductase is blocked, what substrate will build up in the cholesterol synthesis pathway

A

HMGCoA

20
Q

what are the vitamin K dependent factors

A

prothrombin, FVII, IX, X, protein C and S

21
Q

patient has normal labs but the clot dissolves in saline what factor is missing

A

factor 13

22
Q

antithrombin II inactivates what factors

A

9a, 10a, 11a, 12a

23
Q

Patient presents with prolonged bleeding time but otherwise normal test

A

prolonged bleeding time = platelet disorder = von willebrand disease

24
Q

patient presnets with prolonged PTT. Normal bleeding time, platelt cout and prothrombin time. What is the likely diagnosis

A

Hemophilial A- deficiency in factory FVIII

25
Q

prolonged PTT indicates problem in what pathway

A

intrinsic or common

26
Q

equation for calculating LDL cholesterol

A

LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - (HDL+ TG/5)

27
Q

which amino acid is ketogenic only

A

lysine or leucine

28
Q

prosthetic group required by transaminases

A

pyridoxal phosphate (derived from vitamin B6)

29
Q

deficiency of N-acetylglutamate can ve treated by administering what

A

carbamoyl glutamate

30
Q

benzoate is converted to benzoyl-coA, which combines with amino acid to for hippurate

A

glycine

31
Q

blockage of what enzyme would cause a buid up of citrulline in the urea cycle

A

arginosuccinate

32
Q

Which of amino acid gives rise to a family of catecholamines that includes dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine?

A

tyrosine

33
Q

Build up of which heme biosynthesis substrate leads to acute intermittent porphyria?

A

Porphobillinogen

34
Q

pepsinogen activated by

A

low pH (autoactivates at pH5)

35
Q

products of pancreatic lipase

A

FFA and 2 monoacylglycerol

36
Q

Enteropeptidase activates which enzyme

A

Trypsinogen

37
Q

what lipoprotein is the least dense (floats on top)

A

chylomicron

38
Q

major apoprotein associated with chylomicrons

A

B48

39
Q

Apoprotin associate dwith LPL

A

C-II

40
Q

what moves cholesterol from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet

A

ABCA1

41
Q

first sterol made in pathway to cholesterol

A

lanosterol

42
Q

what activates thrombin

A

Fxa-Fva

43
Q

pt evaluated after 12 hour fast, where would you find the most triglycerides

A

VLDL

44
Q

build up of citriline, glutamine, ammonia- what enzyme is deficient

A

Arginosuccinate synthase

45
Q

what feeds into TCA as oxaloacetate

A

asparagine

46
Q

what aa is formed by both fumarate and acetoacetate

A

tyrosine

CR4 (7 decks)

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