Pelvic Floor

Question 1

what forms the bony girdle of the pelvis

Answer 1

two hip bones (Os coxae, innominate) sacrum and coccyx

Question 2

what bones make up the os coxa

Answer 2

illium, ischium, pubis

Question 3

what type of joint is the pubic symphasis

Answer 3

fibrocartilagenous joint - medial surfcaes of the pubuc bones lined with hyaline cartilage interconnected by fibrocartilagenous interpubic disc. Thicker in women. Movement in this joint is not allowed- pregnancy allows more movement due to secretion of relaxin (causes increase in the distance between the two bones)

Question 4

what type of joint is sacroiliac joint

Answer 4

synovial joint but the interosseous sacroiliac ligament fills the posterior 2/3 of the space between the ilium and the sacrum. Becomes fused around age 50

Question 5

what ligaments reinforce the the sacroiliac joint

Answer 5

anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments and

Question 6

intervertebral disc that separates the sacrim and the first coccygeal vertebra

Answer 6

sacrococcygeal joint

Question 7

Lumbosacral joint

Answer 7

intervertebral disc between L5 and S1 and the articular processes of the two vertebra form a facet joint.

Question 8

Iliolumbar ligaments

Answer 8

beterrn TP of L4 and L5 vertebra and the anterior surface of the ilium and sacrum reinforcing the SI joint

Question 9

obturator foramen formation

Answer 9

between the superior and infereior pubic rami as the fuse with the illium and ischium respectively

Question 10

Pectineal line + Arcuate Line =

Answer 10

Linea terminalis (on pelvic brim)

Question 11

what divides the pubis into greater (false) and lesser (true) pelvis

Answer 11

The sacral promentory and boney ridge consiisting of the pectineal line and arcuate line

Question 12

Pelvic inlet

Answer 12

part of true pelvis. Along the pelvic brim (pubic symphysis, linea terminalis, sacral promentory)

Question 13

Conjugate measurement of the pelvis

Answer 13

distance from upper order of pubic symphysis to the sacral promentory

Question 14

Diagnonal conjugate (obstetrical conjugate)

Answer 14

from lower border of pubic symphasis to the sacra promontory. Usually 13 cm

Question 15

Transverse diameter of the pelvis

Answer 15

greaters diameter of the pelvic inlet (along linea terminalis)

Question 16

Pelvic outles

Answer 16

from the lower border of the pubic symphasis along the inferior pubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and coccyx. Almost a horizontal plane

Question 17

Pelvic diaphragm

Answer 17

thin muscular sling that extends from the lateral wall of the pelvis inferiomedially.

Question 18

what forms the floor of the pelvic cavity

Answer 18

pelvic diaphragm

Question 19

Pelvic outlet is internal/external to pelic diaphragm

Answer 19

external to pelvic diaphragm

Question 20

Boundaries of the pelvic cavity

Answer 20

bones, ligaments, 2 muscles of the lower limb (obturator internus and piraformis) and musculature of the pelvic diaphragm

Question 21

Obturator internus innervation level

Answer 21

L5-S2

Question 22

Obturator internus innervation level

Answer 22

encompasses the inner surface of the obturator membrane and bony margin surrounding obturator foramen. Fan shaped. Exits pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen and turns at a right angle to insert by the greter trochanter of the femer

Question 23

Tendinous arch of the levator ani

Answer 23

fomed by a thickening of the obturator fascia. Extend between the ischial spine and the pubis. Provides and oridgin for part of the pelvic diaphragm

Question 24

upper part of the obturator internus is located ____ while the lower part is located ____

Answer 24

Upper part is located IN the pelvis. Lower part is loacted BELOW the pelvis forming the lateral wall of the perineum

Question 25

what forms the lateral wall of the perineum

Answer 25

lower part of the obturator internus

Question 26

Piriformis innervation level

Answer 26

S1-S2

Question 27

Piriformis

Answer 27

arises form the sacrum and leaves through the GREATER sciatic foramen to atach to greater trochanter. Tends to protect the nerves that forma the sacral plexus

Question 28

what makes up the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 28

Levator ani + coccygeus

Question 29

what muscles make up the levator ani

Answer 29

Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis, Illiococcygeus

Question 30

levator ani innervation level

Answer 30

S4

Question 31

Pubococcygeus

Answer 31

courses antero-posteriorly form the body of the pubis to the coccyx and angococcygeal ligament

Question 32

Medial fibers of what muscle attach to the ureathra in males to form the levator prostate and to the vagina in females to form the pubovaginalis

Answer 32

pubococcygeus

Question 33

what levator ani muscle contributes to anal continence, how

Answer 33

puborectalis - muscle bundles pass behind the anorectal jucntion forming a sling and causing a sharp bend in the rectum

Question 34

what is the origin and insertion of illeococcygeus

Answer 34

originates at the arch of the levator ani (arcus tendineus) and insertes into the anococcygeal raphe and coccyx

Question 35

Coccygeus innervation level

Answer 35

S4-S5

Question 36

Coccygeus is fused to what ligament

Answer 36

sacrospinous ligament

Question 37

90 degree subpubic angle

Answer 37

female

Question 38

60 degres subpubic angle

Answer 38

male

Question 39

cylindical pelvic cavity

Answer 39

female

Question 40

conical pelvic cavity

Answer 40

male

Question 41

oval pelvic inlet

Answer 41

female

Question 42

heart shaped pelvic inles

Answer 42

male

Question 43

which gender has a shorter and wider sacrum

Answer 43

female

Question 44

which gender has a longer and narrower sacrum

Answer 44

male