Pelvic Floor Flashcards
what forms the bony girdle of the pelvis
two hip bones (Os coxae, innominate) sacrum and coccyx
what bones make up the os coxa
illium, ischium, pubis
what type of joint is the pubic symphasis
fibrocartilagenous joint - medial surfcaes of the pubuc bones lined with hyaline cartilage interconnected by fibrocartilagenous interpubic disc. Thicker in women. Movement in this joint is not allowed- pregnancy allows more movement due to secretion of relaxin (causes increase in the distance between the two bones)
what type of joint is sacroiliac joint
synovial joint but the interosseous sacroiliac ligament fills the posterior 2/3 of the space between the ilium and the sacrum. Becomes fused around age 50
what ligaments reinforce the the sacroiliac joint
anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments and
intervertebral disc that separates the sacrim and the first coccygeal vertebra
sacrococcygeal joint
Lumbosacral joint
intervertebral disc between L5 and S1 and the articular processes of the two vertebra form a facet joint.
Iliolumbar ligaments
beterrn TP of L4 and L5 vertebra and the anterior surface of the ilium and sacrum reinforcing the SI joint
obturator foramen formation
between the superior and infereior pubic rami as the fuse with the illium and ischium respectively
Pectineal line + Arcuate Line =
Linea terminalis (on pelvic brim)
what divides the pubis into greater (false) and lesser (true) pelvis
The sacral promentory and boney ridge consiisting of the pectineal line and arcuate line
Pelvic inlet
part of true pelvis. Along the pelvic brim (pubic symphysis, linea terminalis, sacral promentory)
Conjugate measurement of the pelvis
distance from upper order of pubic symphysis to the sacral promentory
Diagnonal conjugate (obstetrical conjugate)
from lower border of pubic symphasis to the sacra promontory. Usually 13 cm
Transverse diameter of the pelvis
greaters diameter of the pelvic inlet (along linea terminalis)
Pelvic outles
from the lower border of the pubic symphasis along the inferior pubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, and coccyx. Almost a horizontal plane
Pelvic diaphragm
thin muscular sling that extends from the lateral wall of the pelvis inferiomedially.
what forms the floor of the pelvic cavity
pelvic diaphragm
Pelvic outlet is internal/external to pelic diaphragm
external to pelvic diaphragm
Boundaries of the pelvic cavity
bones, ligaments, 2 muscles of the lower limb (obturator internus and piraformis) and musculature of the pelvic diaphragm
Obturator internus innervation level
L5-S2
Obturator internus innervation level
encompasses the inner surface of the obturator membrane and bony margin surrounding obturator foramen. Fan shaped. Exits pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen and turns at a right angle to insert by the greter trochanter of the femer
Tendinous arch of the levator ani
fomed by a thickening of the obturator fascia. Extend between the ischial spine and the pubis. Provides and oridgin for part of the pelvic diaphragm
upper part of the obturator internus is located ____ while the lower part is located ____
Upper part is located IN the pelvis. Lower part is loacted BELOW the pelvis forming the lateral wall of the perineum
what forms the lateral wall of the perineum
lower part of the obturator internus
Piriformis innervation level
S1-S2
Piriformis
arises form the sacrum and leaves through the GREATER sciatic foramen to atach to greater trochanter. Tends to protect the nerves that forma the sacral plexus
what makes up the pelvic diaphragm
Levator ani + coccygeus
what muscles make up the levator ani
Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis, Illiococcygeus
levator ani innervation level
S4
Pubococcygeus
courses antero-posteriorly form the body of the pubis to the coccyx and angococcygeal ligament
Medial fibers of what muscle attach to the ureathra in males to form the levator prostate and to the vagina in females to form the pubovaginalis
pubococcygeus
what levator ani muscle contributes to anal continence, how
puborectalis - muscle bundles pass behind the anorectal jucntion forming a sling and causing a sharp bend in the rectum
what is the origin and insertion of illeococcygeus
originates at the arch of the levator ani (arcus tendineus) and insertes into the anococcygeal raphe and coccyx
Coccygeus innervation level
S4-S5
Coccygeus is fused to what ligament
sacrospinous ligament
90 degree subpubic angle
female
60 degres subpubic angle
male
cylindical pelvic cavity
female
conical pelvic cavity
male
oval pelvic inlet
female
heart shaped pelvic inles
male
which gender has a shorter and wider sacrum
female
which gender has a longer and narrower sacrum
male
