Semester 2 Final Flashcards
Shi’ites (shi’a)
The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad
Sunni
The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successor
4 rightly guided caliphs
- Abu Bakr
- Umar
- Uthman
- Ali (related to all)
Abu bakr
First caliph because was a Friend of Muhammad,
Dome of the rock
Shrine where Muhammad went to heaven with Gabriel and received his message which would in the future be the Quran, contains the foundation stone
Koran
Book that is center of Muslim religion, written by Muhammad through Gabriel, monotheistic
5 pillars of Islam.
Faith- 1 God Allah Prayer- 6x day towards Mecca Alms giving- charity Pilgrimage- journey to Mecca once in your lifetime Fasting-
Mecca
Muhammad grows up here, contains Kaaba, religiously mixed city in the beginning. In the middle of Silk Road trade routes
Muhammad
Born in 570 AD as an orphan raised by grandfather, trader on silk roads, marries trade owner, goes in cave, sees Gabriel, gets Devine testimony and preaches his word, last prophet dies in 632
Ka’aba
Large square building in Mecca, with meteorite in it (used to have idols in it), supposed to reflect a house in heaven, made by Adam and Abraham. Housed 360 idols and had to pay money to get into this building.
Schism
Means “split” from Eastern Orthodox and holy Roman Catholic
Alexis 1
Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church, leader of Constantinople, was fighting the Turks and ask pope urban 2 from holy roman church to help and all the Christians come together to fight the crusades.
Crusades
A holy war Muslims vs Christians for the holy city of Jerusalem
1st; Christians win
2nd : Muslims win
3rd: tie= no win, a lot of bloodshed, no land won
Seljuk Turks
Pepole that were slaved by the Abbasid Muslims but took them over and fought the Byzantine empire and created a little empire over by turkey where they still live now
Humanism
An art style that is based of classic roman and Greek ideas, which focuses on human
Niccolo Machiavelli
Wrote the prince which is about the imperfect conduct of humansn
Johannes Gutenberg
He recreated a Chinese block printing device but it was too slow and made it movable, along with pressing blocks altogether simultaneously on one page.
First book printed: bible
Importance: spreading and questioning ideas
Indulgences
One main problem with the church in the Renaissance where you pay money for the church to pardon your sins and gets u into heaven
Martin Luther
Friar who starts reformation by writing the 95 these saying statements of what the church is doing wrong, posting them on the church, being copied and everyone following the ideas.
95 theses
taught: salvation through faith (no $) teaching need to be based on the bible, all ppl are equal (no priest)
Results: Pope Leo threatened to excommunicate him, and does. Also created religion Lutherans.
Edict of worms
When the Catholics meet and decided to outlaw Luther and declares him a heretic which led him to being sheltered by prince Fredrick
Excommunication
Banishment from the church which denies salvation
John Calvin
Wrote: institutes of the Christian religion created Calvinism
- only the elect go to heaven
- predestination
- government controlled by religious leader
- very strict morals
- started in Switzerland
Predestination
God already knows what your gonna do, it’s fated, and already determined if your going or not going to heaven
