1st Semester Exam (McIntyre) Flashcards
0
Q
Five themes of geography (mr.help)
A
- Movement
- region
- Human environment interaction
- Location
- Place
1
Q
5 things needed for civilization
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- Advanced technology
- Advanced cities
- specialized workers
- Complex institutions
- Record keeping
2
Q
Latitude (runs and measures)
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Runs: e&w
Measures: n&s
3
Q
Longitude (runs and measures)
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Run: n&s
Measures: w&e
4
Q
Time
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24 time zones.
United States: pacific, mt, central, eastern
5
Q
Prime meridian
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On imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the south pole through Greenwich, England
6
Q
4 oceans
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Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctica
7
Q
7 continents
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North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Europe
8
Q
Neolithic revolution
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People shift from food gathering to food producing
9
Q
Nomad
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A member of the group that has no permanent home, in search of food and water
10
Q
Domestication
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Taming of animals for human use
11
Q
Cuneiform
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Invented by Samarians. A system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols
12
Q
Fertile Crescent
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An ark of rich farmland between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea
13
Q
Mesopotamia
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Land between rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)
14
Q
Polytheism
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Belief in many gods
15
Q
Empire
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Political unit in which a number of people or countries that are controlled by a single ruler
16
Q
Hammurabi
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Creates a code of laws for the Babylonian empire
17
Q
Restitution vs reconciliation
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Restitution: an act of restoring to original condition or giving an equivalent or an injury
Reconciliation: to restore a friendship
18
Q
Sumerians
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One of the first groups of people that formed civilization
19
Q
Silt
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Rich new soil
20
Q
Euphrates and Tigris
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Rivers flooded once or more a year, leaving rich soil. Unpredictable And silt
21
Q
Irrigation
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Supply water to land or crops to help growth
22
Q
Dynasty
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A series of rulers from of family
23
Q
City-state
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A city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit
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Nile
4100 mile (longest in the world) River flowing through Egypt
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Delta
100 mile before end of Nile, lower Egypt, formed by deposits of silt at mouth of a river
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Theocracy
Government in which the ruler is viewed as defined figure
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Mummification
A process in embalming dry corpse to prevent them from decaying
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Hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sound
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Pyramid
Burial places for old kingdom pharaohs
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Monotheistic
The belief of one God
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Pharaohs
King of Egypt considered a God as well as the political and military leader
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Indian subcontinent
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
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Monsoon
A wind that shifts direction at certain times of each year
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Harappa
Characterized by so sophisticated city planning located by the Indus River
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Plumbing
In Indus valley engineers invented sophisticated plumbing
36
Loess
Fertile soil, looks like yellow silk from Haung He
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Haung He
Yellow river
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two rivers flown from Mountains west to Pacific ocean in China
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Yangtze (Chang jiang)
Yellow river (haung he)
```
39
Yangtze
Chang Jiang
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Xia
First Chinese dynasty
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Shang
Second dynasty 1700-1027 BC
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Zhou (joe)
3rd dynasty 1027-256 Longest dynasty!!!!
43
Oracle bones
Animal bones and tortoise shell the Chinese priest had scratched questions for the gods
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Mandate of heaven
Claim divine approval
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Dynastic cycle
Pattern of rise, decline and replacement of dynasties
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Feudalism
Political system in which lords are granted The use of land legally owned by the king
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Qin
Replaces Zhou dynasty in 3rd century
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Cast iron
During the Zhou dynasty, one of their innovations was blast furnaces that produced cast iron to create weapons & farm tools
49
Mahenjo-daro
Early Indus River civilization( also called Harrapan civilizations) that had innovative plumbing system close to the one created in the 1900s
50
Brahma
Creator of the universe
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Vishnu
Preserves the universe
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Shiva
Destroyer of the universe
53
Reincarnation
The process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding
54
Karma
The good and the bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth
55
Enlightenment
A state of perfect wisdom and which one understands basic truth about the universe
56
Jainism
Values all life
57
Siddhartha Gautama
Founder of Buddhism
58
Vedas
Means knowledge, written to educate priest about rituals
59
Caste system
Division of social rank and tasks developed by Aryans during conquest
60
List the 5 Caste systems
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Brahmins - priest
Kshatriyas- warrior
Vaishyas- merchants
Shudras- peasants/ unskilled workers
Untouchable- outcaste
```
61
Aryans
White
62
Dharam
Teachings
63
Nirvana
An awakening to the truth
64
Buddhism
Fonder- Buddha
| Quite prayer, karma, reincarnation
65
Hinduism
Sacred animal- cow
| Polytheistic, oldest religions, yoga
66
Indo-Europeans
A group of people began to migrate to the Indian subcontinent (white)
67
Ganesh
God of wisdom and good luck
| The son of shiva
68
Torah
The first five books of the Hebrew bible
69
Covenant
A mutual promise or agreement
70
Moses
The man who led the Israelites out of slavery
71
Israel
A kingdom of the United Israelites last from about 1020 to 922 BC; now the Jewish homeland
72
Abraham
To be father of the Hebrew people
73
Monotheistic
Believing in one God
74
Solomon
Build the temple
75
Kind David
Establishes Jerusalem as the capital
76
Warring states period
Zhou falls: Confucius, Daoism, legalism
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Varna
Skin color (Aryana's were lighter)
78
8 fold path
```
Know the truth
Say nothing to hurt others
Practice meditation
Control your thoughts
Resist evil
Free your mind from evil
Work for the goods of others
Respect life
```
79
Ark of the covenant
Contained the tablets of Moses law
80
Saul
Success in driving out the philistines from the central hills. Portrayed in the Hebrew bible as a tragic man, who was given to bouts of jealousy
81
Confucius
China's most influential scholar
82
Daoism
Taught that people should be guided by a universal forced called the dao (the way)
83
Legalism
Qin shi hanugdi
Strict
Burns the analects
Great Wall of china
84
Shi huangdi
First emperor
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Qin dynasty
Replaces the Zhou dynasty in the 3rd century
86
Autocracy
Government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner
87
Bureaucracy
System of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government
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Filial piety
Respect shown by children of their parents and elders
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Yin and yang
Chinese thought, the two powers that govern the natural rhythms of life
90
Analects
Confucius spent the remainder of his life teaching. His students later collected his words in a book called the analects (Confucius book)
91
Civil service exam
To serve in the government
92
Great Wall of china
Created in Qin on the backs of peasants
93
Impacts of Greece geography
Sea-lack of resources encourage sea travel and trade
Lack of fertile land leads to small population
Mountains: polis because Greece is not unified
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Dorians
Move into Greece after the Mycenaeans civilization collapses and they are dumb, can't read and write
95
Homer
Blind storyteller
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Acropolis
A fortified hilltop in an Ancient Greek city
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Phalanx
Feared by all, formation of soldiers with Spears, shields
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Oligarchy
Rule by small group of powerful merchants and artisans
99
Pericles and his 3 goals
1. Pay politicians: to strengthen democracy
2. Strength the Athens empire: make navy bigger
3. Glorifying Athens
100
Peloponnesian war (Athens vs Sparta)
Lasting from 431 to 404 BC, in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies
101
Polis
City-state
102
Aristotle
Student of Plato, uses rules of logic for argument tutors 13-year old prince Alexander the Great
103
Alexander the Great
Smart, the Iliad under his pillow, his focus was more about conquering and not governing
104
Hellenistic period
Greek blended with Egyptian, Persian, Indian
105
Alexandria
Egyptian city becomes center of Hellenistic civilization
106
Athens (characteristics, gov, citizen)
Characteristics: education, creative, Value individual, open minded
Gov: democracy
Citizens: only native-born, property-owning males are citizens
107
Sparta
Spartan values: duty, strength, not individuality, discipline over freedom. Also has the most powerful army in Greece
108
Persian war (Greece vs Persia)
The series of wars in the 5th century BC, in which Greek city states battled the Persian empire. (Athens and Sparta worked together defeating Persians realizing they were more powerful when they are one)
109
Mycenae
An indo-European person settled on the Greek mainland around 2000bc
110
Hoptiles
The foot soldiers of this army stood side by side, each holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other
111
Tyranny
A nation under cruel and oppressive government
112
Darius
Kind of Persia, Alexander the Great defeats Persia again and forces him to flee
113
Xerxes
Darius the great's son and successor , assembled an enormous invasion force to crush Athens (300 Spartans hold them for 3 days)
114
Pheidippides
Builds the Parthenon- a large temple to honor goddess Athena and within the temple he crafts a 30 foot statue of Athena
115
Guru
Teacher (yoga, spiritual)
116
Parthenon
A large temple to honor goddess Athena
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Athena
Goddess of wisdom
118
Allegory of the cave
All these prisoners in a cave and sees shadows thinking they are true and man comes out and can't see and goes and sees that there is a big world out there and comes and frees the other prisoners and they can't see and are in pain from the light so they murder him
119
Monarchy
type of gov led by a king
120
Aristocracy
Type of gov led by nobles or aristocrats
121
Democracy (indirect and direct)
Indirect- people vote for representative and the representatives make decisions (republic)
Direct- people vote on every specific issue
122
Helots
In Sparta, peasants forced to stay on the land they worked on (basically slaves)
123
Archimedes
Hellenistic scientist, studied at Alexandria, invented screw, pi, and buoyancy (makes boats float)
124
Odysseus
Fought in the Trojan war, famous poem written by homer about his 10 year journey back from the Trojan war
125
Ptolemy
After Alexander's death, he took over Egypt, declared himself pharaoh and established a dynasty
126
Greek theater
Drama comedy and tragedy
127
Plato
Taught by Socrates, wrote the republic
128
The republic
Book written by Plato, said to be about Socrates
129
Minoans
Lived in Greece, specifically Crete at very beginning
130
Socrates
Believed in absolute standards for truth and justice. He was a "gadfly" to the gov. He got tried when he was 70 for corrupting the cities youth and neglecting the gods. He was put to death by hemlock
131
Philip II
King of Macedonia, father of Alexander, took over Greece and was the first person to use phalanx
132
Epicureanism
Made by Epicurus: based upon 5 senses, live for the now, achieve harmony of body and mind. NO POLITICS
133
Stoicism
Made by zeno: live harmoniously with the will of God or the natural laws
134
Trojan war (Mycenaeans (Greek) vs Trojans)
A Greek army destroyed Troy because Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen Greeks give Trojans a horse.....Greek wins
135
Helen
Beautiful wife of the Greek king
136
Golden age
Strengthened democracy
Beautiful Athens
Strengthened empire
137
Punic wars (Rome and Carthage)
1st- over the control of Sicily lasting 23 years
2nd- Hannibal led army and elephants through the alps to the back of Rome and caused a lot of destruction until Scorpio planned to attack Carthage and Hannibal had to retreat to protect his city
3rd- Rome destroyed Carthage completely and sold the people to slavery
ROME WON ALL 3
138
Tribunes
Representatives elected by the plebeians that protect fairness
139
Plebeians
Common farmers and majority of the population in Rome
140
Barbarians
What Romans called anyone that was not Rome, including the Huns led by Attila
141
Christianity
Started when Christ died, monotheistic
142
Gladiators
Professional fighters who fought to the death in public
143
Republic
Indirect democracy
144
Jesus
Born in Bethlehem, taught public ministry, followed by 12 disciples, became a threat to roman leaders and was crucified
145
Aqueducts
Made by roman engineers to bring water into cities and town
146
1st Triumvirate
Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
147
2nd Triumvirate
Lepidus, mark Anthony, and Octavian
148
Dictator
All powerful ruler when crisis arises
149
Pax Romana
"Roman peace" started when Octavian ruled and ended when Marcus Aurelius died
150
Octavian (Augustus)
Forced Lepidus to retire then mark Anthony fell in love with cleopatra and they combined armies, Octavian said mark Anthony was going to rule from Egypt and civil war broke out but Octavian won and was called Augustus meAning "the exalted one"
151
The colosseum
From "colossus" meaning gigantic, where gladiators fought, sports stadiums today are modeled after them
152
Constantine
Fighting a battle and prayed for help from Jesus, saw a cross and put it on his soldiers shields and won the battle, end of Christian persecution, next emperor theodolites made christianity the official religion of Rome
153
Diocletian
Emperor after Pax Romana, split Rome into eastern(Greek speaking) and western (Latin speaking) and took over eastern Rome and the western had a co ruler
154
Constantinople
Capital of Byzantine empire, moved by Constantine
155
Attila the Hun
Leader of the barbarians and huns, led attacks on Rome but lost
156
Patricians
Wealthy landowners who held most of the power
157
Julius Caesar
Controlled France, marched his armies into Rome, Pompey fled, beat pompeys army and was named dictator for life. He was very popular. Senators were worried so his bff Marcus brus and others killed him. Death ends the roman republic
158
Islam
Submission to the will of allah, a religion based on Allah and Quran
Jesus is a prophet
159
Muslim
One who has submitted. Follower of Islam
160
Torah
First five books of the Bible that is Jewish written law/Bible
