Semester 2 Final Flashcards
What’s Boyles Law?
V1P1 = V2P2
Volume and pressure are indirectly related
What’s the Combined Gas Law?
(V1P1)/T1 = (V2P2)/T2
What’s Gay-Lussac’s Law?
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Pressure and temperature are directly related
Opposite of freezing
Solid and liquid
Melting
Opposite of evaporation
Gas and liquid
Condensation
Opposite of sublimation
Solid and gas
Deposition
How to find pH/pOH
-log[OH-]/-log[H3O+]
How to find [OH-]/[H3O+]
10^-pH/-pOH
STP
22.4 L
0 C = 273K
1 atm= 760 mmHg= 101.3 kP
How to find percent yield
Actual/Theoretical x 100
How to find percent error
(Accepted- experimental)/accepted x 100
Avogadro’s number
6.02 x 10^23
Characteristics of acids
Sour
Red litmus paper
pH under 7
Characteristics of bases
Slippery Bitter Blue litmus paper pH over 7 Breaks down oils and fats
Equation for neutralization of vinegar
CH3COOH + NaOH –> NaCH3COO + H2O
How to find molarity
MaVa = MbVb
What are the 7 diatomic elements?
N O F Cl Br I H
Come in pairs when alone
Difference between exothermic and endothermic
Endothermic: absorbs heat (ends with more energy than started with)
Exothermic: releases heat (ends with less energy than started with)
How to convert Celsius to kelvin
Add 273
What is [OH-]?
Hydroxide ion concentration
What is [H3O]?
Hydronium ion concentration
What’s an electrolyte?
Substance that conducts electricity
acids, bases, salts
Acid
A water-soluble compound that is capable of donating protons (H+ ions) to another substance
Analyze
Substance that is being investigated
Ex: vinegar in titration lab
Base
A water-soluble chemical compound that is able to accept protons (H+ ions) and donates hydroxide ions
Dissociate
To break into smaller compounds
Equivalence point
The point in a titration when there are equivalent amount of titrant and analyze so the two substances can react with nothing left over
Indicator
A substance that changes color when in contact with an acid or base
Litmus paper
Paper coated with an indicator called litmus, which is derived from a species of lichen
Molarity
Measure of concentration equal to moles per liter
Neutralize
To make an acidic or basic solution chemically neutral
pH
Measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
Titrant
A substance of known composition and concentration that is used to react with an analyte
Titration curve
Graph of a titration in which the amount of titrant is recorded on the x axis and the pH of the analyte is recorded on the y axis
Salt
Compound containing a positive ion from a base and a negative ion from an acid
What’s Charles Law?
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Volume and temperature are directly related
Equitation for self-ionization of water
2H20 –> OH- + H3O+
