Semester 2 Final

Question 1

what is the unit for power?

Answer 1

watts

Question 2

What is the unit for work and energy?

Answer 2

Joules

Question 3

List the six simple machines:

Answer 3

lever, wedge, pulley, incline plane, wheel and axle, screw

Question 4

Define input force

Answer 4

amount of effort exerted on a simple machine to make it a complete task

Question 5

Define output force

Answer 5

force exerted on an object by a simple machine

Question 6

Define input distance

Answer 6

length of the sloped surface of the ramp

Question 7

Define output distance

Answer 7

height of the ramp, or the vertical distance the object is raised

Question 8

Define kinetic energy

Answer 8

the energy associated with motion

Question 9

Define potential energy

Answer 9

energy that is stored due to interactions between objects in a system

Question 10

Define thermal energy

Answer 10

the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy in a system

Question 11

Define gravitational potential energy; equation?

Answer 11

the energy stored due to gravity; GPE=mgh

Question 12

Define elastic potential energy

Answer 12

stored energy due to the pulled string and bent bow due to an object’s shape

Question 13

Why must the biggest hill in a roller coaster be the first hill?

Answer 13

Friction and drag immediately begin to rob the roller coaster car of energy

Question 14

Define entropy

Answer 14

measure of dispersal energy

Question 15

Define and give an example of a transverse wave

Answer 15

particles in the medium perpendicular to the direction of the waves travel (ripples on the surface of water)

Question 16

Define and give an example of a longitudinal wave

Answer 16

particles parallel to the direction of waves travel (sound waves)

Question 17

What is the equation for wavelength and what is it measured in?

Answer 17

λ=v/f– meters

Question 18

The speed of a sound wave depends on __________. The loudness of a sound wave depends on __________________. The pitch of a sound wave depends on ____________________.

Answer 18

the medium, amplitude, frequency

Question 19

What causes sound waves?

Answer 19

Sound waves are created by object variations and produced pressure waves. The pressure wave disturbs the particles and the vibrating object moves in one direction and compresses the air directly in front of it

Question 20

Define amplitude

Answer 20

the motion of the maximum distance the object moves from the equilibrium position

Question 21

Define crest

Answer 21

the high point of a transverse wave

Question 22

Define decibel

Answer 22

common unit of measurement for sound level; dB; power and intensity of sound waves

Question 23

Define energy

Answer 23

the ability of an object to produce a change in itself or surroundings

Question 24

Define frequency and what is it measured in?

Answer 24

the number of waves produces per unit of time; hertz

Question 25

Define inclined plane

Answer 25

a slope surface used to raise heavy bodies

Question 26

Define lever

Answer 26

a simple machine made of a rigid beam and a fulcrum

Question 27

Define pitch

Answer 27

the highness or lowness of a sound; depending on frequency of vibration

Question 28

Define power

Answer 28

the rate of doing work

Question 29

Define screw

Answer 29

a simple machine which appears like an inclined plane around a rod with a pointed tip

Question 30

Define pulley

Answer 30

a mechanism compost by wheel and rope used to lift heavy object onto tall heights

Question 31

Define simple machine

Answer 31

a device that makes tasks easier by changing either the magnitude or the direction of the applied force

Question 32

Define wave

Answer 32

a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space; transfers energy w/o transferring matter

Question 33

Define wavelength

Answer 33

shortest distance between points on a wave where the wave pattern repeats itself

Question 34

Define wedge

Answer 34

a simple machine that has two inclined planes and uses its sharp edge in splitting the objects

Question 35

Define wheel and axle

Answer 35

the assembly forced by two disks, or cylinders, of different diameters mounted so they rotate together around the same axis

Question 36

Define work

Answer 36

transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied through a distance

Question 37

How do airbags reduce injuries?

Answer 37

they increase the time, thereby reducing force

Question 38

Which of the following simple machines is found in a pair of scissors?

Answer 38

lever

Question 39

A detected change in the frequency of a sound due to a moving source or a moving observer is _____________

Answer 39

the Doppler Effect

Question 40

Sound is produced when there are___________

Answer 40

oscillations in air pressure

Question 41

A description of a rule of nature is a ______________________

Answer 41

scientific law

Question 42

A hypothesis can best be defined as a____________________

Answer 42

prediction

Question 43

The amount of time it takes to complete one complete cycle is the _______________

Answer 43

period

Question 44

A ____________ is a material with zero resistance

Answer 44

superconductor

Question 45

In a _______________, there is only one path for the current to flow

Answer 45

series connection

Question 46

Who was the narrator of the Cosmos episode titled "Electric Boy"

Answer 46

Neil deGrasse Tyson

Question 47

Who is the "Electric Boy"

Answer 47

Michael Faraday

Question 48

Current is measure in ______

Answer 48

amperes

Question 49

A light year equals what distance? Answer should be in both km and miles

Answer 49

A light year equals 9.46 x 10^12 km and 5.88 x 10^12 miles

Question 50

What event began the universe?

Answer 50

the Big Bang

Question 51

A constellation's changing position in the sky, at the same time of the evening, over a period of several weeks is evidence that _____________

Answer 51

the Earth revolves around the Sun

Question 52

The telescope that solved the problem of color separation was the ___________

Answer 52

reflecting telescope

Question 53

The Coriolis Effect provides evidence that __________________

Answer 53

Earth rotates on an axis

Question 54

Which telescope detects invisible electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 54

a radio telescope

Question 55

The period between successive full moons is ____________________

Answer 55

a lunar month; 29.5 days

Question 56

Each of Earth's standard time zones covers about how many degrees?

Answer 56

15 degrees

Question 57

A benefit that 20th and 21st century space programs have brought to an area outside of astronomy is ___________________

Answer 57

weather; this information helps scientists make accurate weather predictions days in advance

Question 58

The right combination of temperature, water, and oxygen_________

Answer 58

supports life on Earth

Question 59

Kepler's first law states that planets orbit the sun in paths called_____________________

Answer 59

ellipses

Question 60

Young Earth formed a core, mantle, and crust in a process called___________

Answer 60

differentiation

Question 61

Early fresh water oceans became salty when:

Answer 61

rainwater carried dissolved solid rock to the oceans

Question 62

The two inner planets most alike in size, mass, and density:

Answer 62

Venus and Earth

Question 63

Kepler's third law describes the relationship between the average distance of a planet from the sun and the planet's:

Answer 63

orbital period

Question 64

Which planet has volcanic regions that may still be active?

Answer 64

Mars

Question 65

Kepler's second law states that equal areas are covered in equal amounts of time as an object:

Answer 65

orbits the sun

Question 66

Which is the following planets had the most complex ring system?

Answer 66

Saturn

Question 67

The early atmosphere developed when many volcanic eruptions released large amounts of gases in a process called:

Answer 67

outgassing

Question 68

Tides on Earth are caused by:

Answer 68

Earth's inertial force and the moon's gravitational force

Question 69

When a meteoroid hits Earth, it is called a:

Answer 69

meteorite

Question 70

The idea that the moon's development began when a large object collided with Earth is called the:

Answer 70

Giant impact hypothesis

Question 71

The moon today looks as it did 3 billion years ago because:

Answer 71

the moon cooled more than 3 billion years ago

Question 72

What are the characteristics of one of the Galilean moons?

Answer 72

Io has active volcanoes, Europa is covered by an ice sheet, Callisto is densely cratered

Question 73

How long is the average sunspot cycle?

Answer 73

11 years

Question 74

What is the hottest layer of the sun's atmosphere called?

Answer 74

corona

Question 75

Energy is the result of:

Answer 75

nuclear fusion

Question 76

The temperature of the sun's core is approximately:

Answer 76

15,000,000 degrees Celsius

Question 77

What elements make up most of the sun's mass?

Answer 77

Hydrogen and helium

Question 78

Which of the following are part of the sun's atmosphere?

Answer 78

photosphere and chromosphere

Question 79

Particles thrown off the sun's corona that can affect Earth's magnetic field are called:

Answer 79

a coronal mass ejection

Question 80

Einstein's equation E=mc^2 helps scientists understand the sun's energy because the equation:

Answer 80

explains how mass can be converted into huge amounts of energy

Question 81

The most common element in most stars is:

Answer 81

Hydrogen

Question 82

Stars appear to move in circular paths through the sky because:

Answer 82

Earth rotates on its axis

Question 83

A nebula begins the process of becoming a protostar when the nebula:

Answer 83

Begins to shrink and increases its spin

Question 84

The brightest star in the night sky is:

Answer 84

Sirius

Question 85

A main sequence star generates energy by fusing:

Answer 85

Hydrogen into helium

Question 86

The heaviest element formed in the core of a star is :

Answer 86

Iron

Question 87

The change in position of a nearby star as seen from different points on Earth's orbit compared with the position of a faraway star is called:

Answer 87

parallax

Question 88

If the spectrum of a star indicates that the star shines with red light, what is the approximate surface temperature of the star?

Answer 88

less than 3500 degrees Celsius

Question 89

According to Einstein's theory of relativity, what does a massive body do to the space around it?

Answer 89

causes it to curve

Question 90

What do scientists believe will happen to the sun in the next 5 billion years?

Answer 90

The Sun will expand into a reg, giant star, becoming so large that it will engulf Mercury and Venus, and possibly Earth.

Question 91

Why is an old-main sequence star made of a higher percentage of helium than a young main sequence star?

Answer 91

Older stars have burned through its hydrogen producing larger amount s of helium in the process. Young main sequence stars start by generating energy and fusing hydrogen into helium.

Question 92

How does the movement of Earth affect the apparent movement of the stars in the sky?

Answer 92

The movement of Earth makes it appear as If the stars are shifting slightly to the west.

Question 93

If a water hose was used to represent an electrical wire, the water pressure would be analogous to the _________, and the amount of water flowing would be analogous to the ____________

Answer 93

volts, amps

Question 94

For a worse that obeys Ohm's law, the resistance of a wire depends on the _________ the wire.

Answer 94

length of

Question 95

Name three fossil fuels and the other 2 main sources of creating energy.

Answer 95

Coal, natural gas, petroleum Hydropower and nuclear power

Question 96

Name 2 alternative energy sources that are being used for creating energy

Answer 96

geothermal, biomass, wind power, solar power

Question 97

A wave carries ______ through space

Answer 97

energy

Question 98

What is NOT a part of the human body lever system?

Answer 98

nerve fibers

Question 99

When you use a hammer to strike a nail, what class lever are you using?

Answer 99

Third

Question 100

When you use a hammer to remove a nail using the claw, what class lever are you using?

Answer 100

First

Question 101

What is NOT a way to increase power?

Answer 101

increase time

Question 102

What is NOT true of machines?

Answer 102

they create energy

Question 103

Waves produced by banjo strings are ______

Answer 103

longitudinal

Question 104

Springs that require more force to extend have a :

Answer 104

greater spring constant

Question 105

What is the difference between S and P waves?

Answer 105

S waves cannot travel through molten liquid rock

Question 106

In general, the speed of sound is greater in ____ and ____ than in ______

Answer 106

solids, liquids, gases