Gravitation Study Guide Flashcards
describes the amount of resistance an object has to any application of force
inertial mass
states that an imaginary line drawn between a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time periods
Kepler’s 2nd Law
If the _______ of an object is increased, the gravitational force it experiences will increase as a result.
gravitational mass
The region around the Earth in which objects experience a force due to Earth’s gravity is called the __________
gravitational field
________ suggests that objects attract other objects with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Newton’s law of universal gravitation
Who was the first astronomer to propose that the Sun is the center of the solar system?
Nicholas Copernicus
Who believed that all planets except Earth orbit the Sun?
Tycho Brahe
Who used huge instruments he built himself to record the exact positions of the planets and stars?
Tycho Brahe
Who used 30 years worth of observations made by other scientists and concluded that the planets orbit the Sun?
Johannes Kepler
Who proposed that the force on a planet by the Sun is inversely proportional to the distance between centers of the planet and the Sun?
Isaac Newton
Who discovered that the shape of a planet’s orbit is an ellipse?
Johannes Kepler
Who was the first to theorize that the force that makes objects fall to Earth is the same force that the Sun exerts on the planets?
Isaac Newton
Who used geometry and mathematics to discover his three laws of planetary motion?
Johannes Kepler
Which of Kepler’s laws relates the motion of more than one object about a single body?
3rd
Which of Kepler’s Laws describes the shape of the planet’s orbits?
1st
Which of Kepler’s laws states that the Sun is located at one focus of a planet’s orbit?
1st
Which of Kepler’s laws states that the square ratio of two planets is equal to the cube of the planet’s ratio distance?
3rd
the action of feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong
penitence
the rebirth of Europe characterized by the rediscovery of classical literature, the rebirth of art, and intellectual endeavors
Renaissance
having or representing Earth as the center; “the Sun revolves around the Earth”
geocentricity
having the Sun as the center, with Earth and other planets around it
heliocentricity
a fixed or movable habitation typically of light construction; a meeting place for worship used by Protestants or Mormons
tabernacle
an example or pattern of something; a model
paradigm
unconsciousness or incapacity, resulting from a cerebral hemorrhage or stroke
apoplexy
unchanging over time
immutable
The motion of a projectile has both _____ and _______ components.
horizontal, vertical
A projectile fired horizontally will accelerate toward Earth at a rate of ______
9.8 m/s^2
If the magnitude of the _______ component of a projectile’s motion is great enough, the projectile will fall to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the projectile.
horizontal
A projectile fired horizontally from less than 150 km above the surface of Earth will fall back to Earth no matter how fast is it traveling because of _________________________
air resistance
An object that falls to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the object is said to be in ______________________
orbit
the effect of mass on space:
curvature
the effect of gravity on light:
deflection
Einstein thought gravity was a (n):
effect of space
an object so dense that light leaving the object is bent back on itself:
black hole
predicts the effects of gravity
general theory of relativity
allows us to picture gravity acting at a distance
gravitational field
Newton’s law of universal gravitation allows us to calculate the __________force that exists between two bodies because of their masses
gravitational
Einstein proposed that gravity is not a _______, but rather an effect of _______ itself.
force, space
According to Einstein, the mass of a body changes the ______ around it.
space
______ causes space to be curves, and other bodies are accelerated because of the way they follow this curved space.
Mass
According to Einstein’s theory of _________, if an object is MASSIVE and DENSE ENOUGH, any light it emits is actually actually bent back to the object
general relativity
What is the difference between gravitational and inertial masses?
Gravitational mass determines the force of attraction between two masses
Inertial mass is the measure of an object’s resistance to any type of force
Who developed an experiment to measure G and why was it valuable?
Henry Cavendish; measured the universes gravitational constant and proved Newton’s Law of gravitation worked on scales much smaller than those of the universe
