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Honors Physics > Semester 2 Exam Review > Flashcards

Semester 2 Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Gravitational potential energy depends on

A

mass and height

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2
Q

kinetic energy depends on

A

mass and velocity

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3
Q

mechanical energy

A

the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy

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4
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

in a closed, isolated system, energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed

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5
Q

Work-Energy Theorem

A

work is equal to the change in kinetic energy

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6
Q

impulse

A

force times change in time; change in momentum

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7
Q

conservation of momentum

A

when the system is closed and isolated (no masses or forces coming or leaving the system)

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8
Q

perfectly inelastic (what happens and what is conserved?)

A

objects stick together after collision; momentum is conserved

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9
Q

inelastic (what happens and what is conserved?)

A

objects deform during collision; momentum is conserved

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10
Q

elastic (what happens and what is conserved?)

A

objects bounce, move separately after collision; momentum and kinetic energy are conserved

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11
Q

impulse-momentum theorem

A

the impulse on an object is equal to the object’s final momentum minus the object’s initial momentum

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12
Q

conducter

A

charges (electrons) are free to move

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13
Q

insolator

A

charges (electrons) are bound

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14
Q

charging by contact (friction)

A

when there is friction between two unlike materials, the one with the greater electron affinity will gain electrons from the other material; insulators

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15
Q

charging by conduction

A

when a charges object touches a neutral conductor, electrons mover in or out, and the conductor becomes positive or negative; conductor

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16
Q

polarization

A

when a charged object comes close to a neutral object, electrons shift positions; one end becomes negative, and the other end positive, but overall the object is still neutral; both insulators and conductors

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17
Q

charging by induction

A

1)neutral object is polarized; 2) neutral object is connected to ground, and electrons move into or out of the ground; 3)original charged rod is removed, remaining electrons spread out; conductors

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18
Q

coulomb’s law

A

the magnitude of the force between charge A and charge B, separated by a distance R, is proportional to the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional of the distance between them; F= (AB)/(R^2)

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19
Q

direction in an electron field

A

defined by the direction a small, positive test charge would go in that field

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20
Q

electrical potential difference (definition)

A

work done moving a small, positive test charge between two points in an electric field divided by the magnitude of the test chage

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21
Q

electric potential difference (synonym)

A

voltage

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22
Q

electric potential energy (synonym)

A

work

23
Q

volts

A

joules/coulomb

24
Q

current

A

flow of electric charge

25
Q

amps

A

coulombs/second

26
Q

what causes current?

A

an electrical potential difference (voltage) causes charges to flow from a position with high potential energy to a position with low potential energy

27
Q

resistance depends on

A

length, diameter, temperature, and material

28
Q

resistor

A

controls current in a circuit (keeps it from getting too high)

29
Q

short circuit

A

when resistance is very low in a circuit, causing current to be high

30
Q

what happens in a short circuit?

A

circuit elements get very hot

31
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

current in a circuit has a direct relationship with voltage and an inverse relationship with resistance

32
Q

adding a resistor to a series causes resistance to… and current to…

A

increase, decrease

33
Q

adding a resistor to a parallel causes resistance to… and current to…

A

decrease increase

34
Q

source of direct current

A

battery

35
Q

source of alternating current

A

household outlets

36
Q

fuse

A

stops current because it melts and opens the circuit

37
Q

circuit breaker

A

stop circuit because a bimetallic strip bends open to open the circuit

38
Q

GFI

A

a safety device tat checks for differences between current going into an appliance and current coming out of an appliance

39
Q

domain

A

a group of electrons whose individual magnetic field are aligned

40
Q

domains in a magnet

A

permanently aligned in a permanent magnet; temporarily aligned in a temporary magnet

41
Q

electric motor

A

converts electrical energy into mechanical energy

42
Q

electric generator

A

converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

43
Q

increase strength of an electromagnet (3)

A

1) increase the number of coils 2)insert a ferromagnetic (i.e. iron) rod 3)increase current in the wire

44
Q

simple harmonic motion

A

WE NEED THIS

45
Q

wave

A

a disturbance that travels through space and time

46
Q

wave speed depends on…

A

MATERIAL ONLY

47
Q

amplitude of a wave depends on…

A

the source

48
Q

frequency/period of a wave depends on…

A

the source

49
Q

wavelength depends on…

A

speed and frequency

50
Q

transverse wave

A

particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

51
Q

longitudinal wave

A

particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion

52
Q

resonance

A

small forces are added to a vibrating system at a frequency that matches the natural frequency of the system

53
Q

pitch

A

frequency of a sound

54
Q

volume

A

amplitude of a sound

Honors Physics (7 decks)

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