Semester 2 Exam Review

Question 1

Gravitational potential energy depends on

Answer 1

mass and height

Question 2

kinetic energy depends on

Answer 2

mass and velocity

Question 3

mechanical energy

Answer 3

the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy

Question 4

law of conservation of energy

Answer 4

in a closed, isolated system, energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed

Question 5

Work-Energy Theorem

Answer 5

work is equal to the change in kinetic energy

Question 6

impulse

Answer 6

force times change in time; change in momentum

Question 7

conservation of momentum

Answer 7

when the system is closed and isolated (no masses or forces coming or leaving the system)

Question 8

perfectly inelastic (what happens and what is conserved?)

Answer 8

objects stick together after collision; momentum is conserved

Question 9

inelastic (what happens and what is conserved?)

Answer 9

objects deform during collision; momentum is conserved

Question 10

elastic (what happens and what is conserved?)

Answer 10

objects bounce, move separately after collision; momentum and kinetic energy are conserved

Question 11

impulse-momentum theorem

Answer 11

the impulse on an object is equal to the object’s final momentum minus the object’s initial momentum

Question 12

conducter

Answer 12

charges (electrons) are free to move

Question 13

insolator

Answer 13

charges (electrons) are bound

Question 14

charging by contact (friction)

Answer 14

when there is friction between two unlike materials, the one with the greater electron affinity will gain electrons from the other material; insulators

Question 15

charging by conduction

Answer 15

when a charges object touches a neutral conductor, electrons mover in or out, and the conductor becomes positive or negative; conductor

Question 16

polarization

Answer 16

when a charged object comes close to a neutral object, electrons shift positions; one end becomes negative, and the other end positive, but overall the object is still neutral; both insulators and conductors

Question 17

charging by induction

Answer 17

1)neutral object is polarized; 2) neutral object is connected to ground, and electrons move into or out of the ground; 3)original charged rod is removed, remaining electrons spread out; conductors

Question 18

coulomb’s law

Answer 18

the magnitude of the force between charge A and charge B, separated by a distance R, is proportional to the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional of the distance between them; F= (AB)/(R^2)

Question 19

direction in an electron field

Answer 19

defined by the direction a small, positive test charge would go in that field

Question 20

electrical potential difference (definition)

Answer 20

work done moving a small, positive test charge between two points in an electric field divided by the magnitude of the test chage

Question 21

electric potential difference (synonym)

Answer 21

voltage

Question 22

electric potential energy (synonym)

Answer 22

work

Question 23

volts

Answer 23

joules/coulomb

Question 24

current

Answer 24

flow of electric charge

Question 25

amps

Answer 25

coulombs/second

Question 26

what causes current?

Answer 26

an electrical potential difference (voltage) causes charges to flow from a position with high potential energy to a position with low potential energy

Question 27

resistance depends on

Answer 27

length, diameter, temperature, and material

Question 28

resistor

Answer 28

controls current in a circuit (keeps it from getting too high)

Question 29

short circuit

Answer 29

when resistance is very low in a circuit, causing current to be high

Question 30

what happens in a short circuit?

Answer 30

circuit elements get very hot

Question 31

Ohm's Law

Answer 31

current in a circuit has a direct relationship with voltage and an inverse relationship with resistance

Question 32

adding a resistor to a series causes resistance to... and current to...

Answer 32

increase, decrease

Question 33

adding a resistor to a parallel causes resistance to... and current to...

Answer 33

decrease increase

Question 34

source of direct current

Answer 34

battery

Question 35

source of alternating current

Answer 35

household outlets

Question 36

fuse

Answer 36

stops current because it melts and opens the circuit

Question 37

circuit breaker

Answer 37

stop circuit because a bimetallic strip bends open to open the circuit

Question 38

GFI

Answer 38

a safety device tat checks for differences between current going into an appliance and current coming out of an appliance

Question 39

domain

Answer 39

a group of electrons whose individual magnetic field are aligned

Question 40

domains in a magnet

Answer 40

permanently aligned in a permanent magnet; temporarily aligned in a temporary magnet

Question 41

electric motor

Answer 41

converts electrical energy into mechanical energy

Question 42

electric generator

Answer 42

converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Question 43

increase strength of an electromagnet (3)

Answer 43

1) increase the number of coils 2)insert a ferromagnetic (i.e. iron) rod 3)increase current in the wire

Question 44

simple harmonic motion

Answer 44

WE NEED THIS

Question 45

wave

Answer 45

a disturbance that travels through space and time

Question 46

wave speed depends on...

Answer 46

MATERIAL ONLY

Question 47

amplitude of a wave depends on...

Answer 47

the source

Question 48

frequency/period of a wave depends on...

Answer 48

the source

Question 49

wavelength depends on...

Answer 49

speed and frequency

Question 50

transverse wave

Answer 50

particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave motion

Question 51

longitudinal wave

Answer 51

particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion

Question 52

resonance

Answer 52

small forces are added to a vibrating system at a frequency that matches the natural frequency of the system

Question 53

pitch

Answer 53

frequency of a sound

Question 54

volume

Answer 54

amplitude of a sound