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English Culture Semester 2 part A > Semester 2 > Flashcards

Semester 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

2 The CCP and government bureaucracies are organized along territorial and functional lines. Explain what ‘territorial’ and ‘functional’ mean in this context.

A

The territorial organization is based on a number of administrative divisions, with both a CCP committee and a “people’s government” in charge of each.

The functionally-based political organization is led soon the government side by ministries and commissions under the state council and on the CCP side. (122)

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1
Q

1 China is governed by ‘mass organizations’, the most important of which is the CCP( Communistische Partij van China). Give two other examples of mass organizations in China.

A

Trade unions, a youth league and woman´s associations. (121)

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2
Q

3 What are the responsibilities of the National People’s Congress as compared with the State Council?

A

NPC: All National legislative(wetgevende) power

State Council: is made responsible for executing(uitvoeren) rather than enacting(vaststellen, bepalen) the laws. (123)

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3
Q

4 What is the role of the Standing Committee of the State Council?

A

They exercise major day-to-day decision-making authority, and its decision de facto have the force of law. (124)

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4
Q

In theory, the NPC is a powerful organ. In reality, what is its actual role?

A

Ratify (bekrachtigen) the decisions already made by State Council. (124)

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5
Q

If the Party’s Congress is not in session, as it usually isn’t, who is empowered to act in its place?

A

The Central Committee. (125)

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6
Q

7 The functioning of the legal apparatus (politieke apparaten) is not without its problems. What are the two major obstacles?

A
  • Shortage of qualified personnel.

- Deeply ingrained perspectives that do not accord the law priority over the desires of political leaders. (129)

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7
Q

8​Deng Xiaoping once said: ‘Whether a cat is black or white makes no difference, as long as it catches mice it is a good cat.’ What did he want to point out?

A

Proclaiming(verklaren) that socialism and capitalism need not to be antagonistic(tegenstrijdig) or mutually(tweezijdig) exclusive. (131)

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8
Q

9​Why is it strange that a condition like obesity is now so widespread in China?

A

Obesity was once rare in China. Cause: shortage of food, hard work and regular exercise. Now the economy has improved and wealth grows, and so do the people. (132)

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9
Q

11​Name the three wealthiest areas in China and give an indication of their geographical position.

A
  • Along the south-east coast, centered on the Pearl (Zhu) River delta.
  • Along the east coast, centered on the lower Yangtze River.
  • Near the Bo Hai (Gulf of Zhili), in the Beijing-Tianjin-Liaoning region. (135)
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10
Q

12​What was the most important consequence of China’s acceptance into the WTO?

A

1 .Stipulations(stipulatie) (bepalingen) about further economic, 2.liberalization
​3. government deregulation (deregulering, verminderen van bemoeienissen van de overhead) (136)

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11
Q

13​What are the three types of economic activity in China if one looks at planning and the role of the government?

A
  • Those stipulated by mandatory planning.
  • Those done according to indicative planning.
  • Those governed by market forces. (137 – 138)
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12
Q

14​Products are now sold in a two-tiered price system. What are these two tiers (niveau)?

A
  • The State.

- The free market. (138)

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13
Q

15​How much of China’s total land area is suitable for cultivation?

A

10 percent of China´s total land. (143)

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14
Q

16​What are the two major agricultural crops?

A

Rice and wheat. (144)

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15
Q

17​Two-thirds of China’s energy consumption is supplied by ….?

A

Coal. (146)

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16
Q

18​What is the new name of the former Central Bank of China?

A

The People’s Bank of China. (148)

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17
Q

19​What are China’s most important articles of import? (Mention three.)

A
  • Machinery and apparatus
  • Chemicals
  • Fuels (151)
18
Q

20​What are China’s most important articles of export? (Mention three.)

A
  • Manufactured goods
  • Equipment and clothing
  • Textiles and footwear (151)
19
Q

21​Chinese government censors routinely block access to certain web pages that address sensible issues. Name two of these issues.

A
  • Sovereignty (oppergezag) of Taiwan

- Human rights abuses in Tibet. (155)

20
Q

22​What is the name of the principal national newspaper?

A

Renmin ribao -> People’s Daily. (155)

21
Q

23​What are the names of the two religions (or rather ‘religio-philosophical schools’) that originated in China?

A

Confucianism and Taoism. (159)

22
Q

24​What foreign (i.e., non-Chinese) religion became important in the period of 300 BC – AD 100?

A

Buddhism. (159)

23
Q

25​What became China’s official religion in 1949, after the Communist takeover?

A

Atheist. (159)

24
Q

26​Confucianism is not only a religion, but it has other characteristics as well. Explain.

A

A world view, a social ethic, a political ideology, a scholar tradition and a way of life. (160)

25
Q

27​According to the authors of the book, who was the founder of Confucianism?

A

The legendary Yao and Shun. (162)

26
Q

28​The Analects is sometimes seen as a collection of unrelated conversations. What else is it?

A

Confucius’ personality. His ambitions, his fears, his joys, his commitments, and his self-knowledge. (164)

27
Q

10​What is the ‘little emperor’ phenomenon?

A

It was a result of the Chinese government’s declaration(verklaring) in 1979 of the “one child policy”.
Single children are taken care by the parents and grandparents, becoming the center of a small constellation (constellatie) (“toestand)

28
Q

29​What was Confucius’ moral mission?

A

To restore trust in government and to transform society into a moral community by cultivation(bewerking) and a sense of humanity in politics and society. (167)

29
Q

30​What was the role of the fellowship of junzi?

A

To redefine and revitalize(nieuw leven inblazen) those institutions that for centuries were believed to have maintained social solidarity and enabled people to live in harmony and prosperity. (167)

30
Q

​31.What is the idea behind the common use of the family metaphor in the Confucian tradition?

A

The family-centered nomenclature (naamgeving) implies a political vision. (168)

31
Q

​When did Confucianism reach its apex as a cultural and political ideology?

A

During the Qing dynasty 1644-1911. (169)

32
Q

33​Modern China is still suffused with Confucian values. Give two examples.

A

Some influential intellectuals in China have continued to think from Confucian roots. Like:

  • Liang Shuming’s cultural analysis
  • Feng Youlan’s reconstruction of the learning of the principle
  • He Lin’s new interpretation of the learning of the mind (170 - 171)
33
Q

34​Who was Laozi (Lao-tzu)?

A

The founder of Taoism. (172)

34
Q

35​What is the name of the classic text of Taoism?

A

Classic of the way of power. (172)

35
Q

36​What practical contributions has Taoism made to Chinese culture?

A

Graphic guides

  • Calligraphy
  • Figure painting
  • The language of speculative Taoism was pressed into service as the basic vocabulary of Chinese aesthetics (schoonheidsleer). (184-185)
36
Q

37​Where does Taoism have its principal refuge(toevluchtsoord) today?

A

Taiwan. (185)

37
Q

38​What other religion was early Buddhism associated with?

A

Taoism. (186)

38
Q

39​What was the golden age of Buddhism in China?

A

During the Tang dynasty. 618-907 (192)

39
Q

40​What are the two schools of Buddhism in China?

A
  • The Chan school

- The Pure Land Tradition (193)

40
Q

41​In what region of China is Buddhism the dominant religion?

A

Tibet

41
Q

42​What is the Qin Emperor best known for in the West? And in China?

A
  • In the West: For his lavish(uitdrukkelijk aanwezige) tomb(tombe, graf) outside the city Xi’an, near his capital city.
  • In China: As the burner of books. (203)
42
Q

43​Why was (and still is) the Tang dynasty considered to be China’s ‘golden age’?

A

For three centuries there was peace at home and a solid economic base for the prosperity(success) of the country. (204)

43
Q

44​What is the name of the dynasty that the Manchus established in the 17th century?

A

The Qing dynasty. (211)

English Culture Semester 2 part A (2 decks)

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