English Culture Semester 2 Part B.

Question 0

45​What was the ‘cradle’ of northern Chinese civilization?

Answer 0

The first communities who settled in the basin of the 黄河 (Yellow river) (216)

Question 1

46​Why is painting in China essentially a ‘linear art’?

Answer 1

The Chinese painter and calligrapher use the same materials, and judged their work by the same criteria. (219)

Question 2

47​Why did painting have ‘moral’ and ‘social’ functions in the old days?

Answer 2

They influenced the living for good. (219) (antwoord niet zeker)

Question 3

48​In the broad sense, all Chinese art is symbolic. Give one example used in the book.

Answer 3

Everything that is painted reflects some aspects of a totality of which the painter is aware. (221)

Question 4

49​What are ‘bone script’ and ‘metal script’?

Answer 4

• Bone script: the writings on bones used for oracle readings. (226)
• Metal script: form of writing found on bronze vessels. (227)

Question 5

50​When did Chinese artists become attracted to European art?

Answer 5

In the mid-1920s. (238)

Question 6

51​What, in Mao’s view, was the role of art (and artists)?

Answer 6

To reach a mass audience by popularization(popularisatie, begrijpelijk maken0 of styles and subjects. (240)

Question 7

52​What is the most important feature of traditional Chinese architecture?

Answer 7

The roof. (247)

Question 8

53​Why is it that so few old temples in China have survived?

Answer 8

A lot of temples have been destroyed. (252)

Question 9

54​Explain the use of the principles of Yin and Yang in Qing gardens.

Answer 9

To encompass(omringen) all the virtues(deugden) of yin in the Chinese philosophical system, with the extensive use of rugged(ruw) and complicated rockery(rotstuin), yang. (257)

Question 10

55​Who is I.M.Pei?

Answer 10

A Chinese-born American architect. (258)

Question 11

56​What can be seen as the positive and the negative sides of the Chinese writing system?

Answer 11

• Positive: it makes an aesthetic appeal to the reader.( ziet er mooi uit)
• Negative: It is an impediment (belemmering) to education and the spread of literacy. (273)

Question 12

57​What is the major characteristic of Chinese poetry if one compares it to that of other countries?

Answer 12

Its compactness and brevity (kortheid). (275)

Question 13

58​What was the ‘eight-legged essay’?

Answer 13

A poem construction which contrasted tonal patterns to the limit by requiring pairs of columns consisting of long paragraphs, one responding to the other, word for word, phrase for phrase, sentence for sentence. (276)

Question 14

59​What are The Five Classics?

Answer 14

• Wujing, Confucian literature
• Yiling, Classic of changes, a book of divination and cosmology
• Shujing, Classic of history, a collection of official documents
• Liji, record of rites, a book of rituals
• Chunqiu, spring and autumn, a chronological history of Lu, where Confucius was born. (278)

Question 15

60​What was the golden age of classical Chinese poetry? Who was the greatest poet?

Answer 15

The golden age was during the Tang dynasty. Du Fu was the greatest poet. (284)

Question 16

61​What did the May Fourth Movement try to accomplish?

Answer 16

The May Fourth Movement stood for cultural and sociopolitical reform. (290)

Question 17

62​What is the so-called ‘scar literature’ all about?

Answer 17

A sort of national catharsis (reiniging). (297)

Question 18

63​Why is it so that Chinese culture ‘can best be understood through the vehicle of food,’ as is said in the book?

Answer 18

Chinese cuisine, like Chinese philosophy is organized along Taoist principles of opposition and change: hot is balanced by cold, spicy by mild, fresh by cured(gedroogd). (300)

Question 19

64​What are the three great schools of Chinese cuisine(wijze van koken)?

Answer 19

• Beijing
• Sichuan
• Zhejiang-Jiangsu (303)

Question 20

65​ 太极拳是什么？

Answer 20

An ancient Chinese form of attack and defense designed to provide relaxation in the process of body-conditioning exercise and is drawn from the Taoist principles of taiji. (305)

Question 21

66​What, according to traditional Chinese medicine, is seen as the cause of disease or sickness?

Answer 21

an imbalance of the forces yin and yang. (308)

Question 22

67​What is the most common application of acupuncture in China today?

Answer 22

An anaesthetic (verdovingsmiddel, pain killer). (309)

Question 23

68​China’s ‘Fifth Generation’ of film-makers has become world famous. Give the name of one director.

Answer 23

Chen Kaige. (311)

Question 24

69​Why does Beijing have a geometric city plan?

Answer 24

The internal coherence (samenhang) hinged (scharnierde) on this plan. (317)

Question 25

70​For how long has Beijing been the capital of china?

Answer 25

800 years. (319)

Question 26

71​What was Beijing’s former name (under Mongol rule)?

Answer 26

Dadu (Great Capital). (321)

Question 27

72​What is the name of the imposing building on the western side of Tiananmen Square?

Answer 27

The Great Hall of the People. (327)

Question 28

73​What was the original purpose of the Great Wall?

Answer 28

A border. (335)

Question 29

74​What would you find the Bund? What is it?

Answer 29

The area on the east along the Huangpu by Zhongshan Dong Lu in central Shanghai. (342)

Question 30

75​What does Suzhou’s fame rest on? Mention at least two things.

Answer 30

• The Marco Polo story. (345)

- The gardens. (344)

Question 31

76​Hong Kong is ‘truly a mixed culture’. Give two examples to illustrate this.

Answer 31

• It celebrates festivals and holidays of the East and the West.
• It enjoys hundreds of annual cultural events. (353)

Question 32

77​What is Xi’an’s fame based on?

Answer 32

• Capital of several ruling dynasties.

- A market and trade center. (354)

Question 33

78​Which two things mark Tibet as different from the rest of China?

Answer 33

• Language

- Religion (358)